Substrate fiber

Product Substrate/fiber Coating Weight, Thick Density, Tensile Elongation Tear Water-vap Flex... 

Barberry root is a yellow-red dye that has been used since prehistoric times it is extracted with hot water from the stems, bark, and roots of Berberis vulgaris, a bush that grows indigenously in Europe as well as in North America. The coloring matter in the dye is the organic compound berberine. Silk and wool can be dyed directly with barberry root, yielding a yellow color however, for dyeing cotton, a mordant is required to attach the dye to the substrate fibers. 

Dope Preparation. A porous wall substrate fiber is prepared by the extrusion of a quasi-solution, the principal component of... 

Preparation of Rejection Barrier. Subsequent to the field trials of the furan membrane, many alternative sulfonated materials were surveyed. The present and preferred rejection barrier of Quantro II is prepared by the deposition in and on the surface of the substrate fiber a complex solution of a sulfonated polymeric material prepared in our laboratory. This sulfonated polymeric material is codissolved in aqueous alcohol with ingredients... 

Fiber reactive, sulfur, vat, and mordant dyes all undergo reactions which enhance their attachment to the substrate. Fiber reactive dyes contain a reactive group that forms a covalent bond with a group on the substrate, usually hydroxyl or amine. Fiber reactive dyes are often of the azo or anthraquinone type. 

The air flux constant for the HF236 membrane is slightly higher than that for the HF135 membranes due to a thinner substrate fiber wall and a greater substrate... 

In the USA in 1996 ca. 1/3 of the BCI3 production (70 t) was utilized for the production of boron fibers. Tungsten and carbon fibers are utilized as substrates and can be heated to the reaction temperature by direct resistive heating using mercury contacts. The reaction tubes, which are ca. 2 m high and often arranged in a row, allow the substrate fibers to pass individually through them. 

A nylon fiber whose surface was coated with carbon particles in the finishing stage was reported to have antistatic properties[93]. The substrate fiber had a composite structure of core-sheath, whose core and sheath were composed of copolymer of nylon-6 and nylon-6,6 and low temperature melting nylon-6,6,... 

Note GAS PHASE GROWN CARBON FIBERS transform during GRAPHITIZATION HEAT TREATMENT into GRAPHITE FIBERS. The term vapor grown carbon fibers is also acceptable but, CVD fibers is not acceptable, as it also describes fibers grown by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process on substrate fibers. 

Conductive fibers are a cross between the world of electric wires and the world of textiles, with attributes of each. Conductive fibers consist of a nonconductive or less conductive substrate, which is then either coated or embedded with electrically conductive elements. Substrate fibers typically include cotton, polyester, nylon, and stainless steel to high-performance fibers such as aramids, HOPE, PBl, PBO, PTFE, carbon nanotubes, and so on. Straddling the worlds of textiles and wires, conductive fibers are sold either by weight or length and measured in denier and AWG. Nanowires are often included in the definition of conductive fibers either because nanotechnology is used by some conductive fiber producers or because the nanowires constitute an electrical conduction means, which does not fit the conventional definition of a wire. 

The second way to enhance the usability of ICPs is to apply coatings thereof on textile materials. A very thin layer of conductive polymers can be applied on the surface of textile substrates by solution casting, inkjet printing, in situ polymerization, vapor phase polymerization, and chemical vapor deposition techniques [26—29]. The nano-microscale conductive coatings not only provide high level of conductivity but also preserve the flexibility and elasticity of substrate fibers. However, due to the health-related issues of some carbon-based materials one has to be observant about what is possible and what is not in apparel applications. 

The compression force distribution can affect the GDL durability significantly. Severe compression may result in substrate fibers puncture into the membrane, and light compression may result in high contact resistance between the cell components and poor sealing effect. The optimized compression is a compromise between durability and performance. The compression force also changes the GDL properties under the land (e.g., porosity, permeability, and effective thermal and electron conductivities). The... 

The substrate fiber matrix acts to bridge the many structural and functional gaps between the catalyst layers and bipolar plates, as well as ensuring the entire membrane electrode assembly (MEA) active area is utilized. MPLs act as a further transitional... 

MPL is more vulnerable to carbon-surface oxidation by liquid water and dissolved Oj than the graphitized substrate-fiber surfaces (at least for the SIGRACET GDL 24 substrate type), since the contact-angle reduction of the non-MPL sides was statistically insignificant. However, this might not have been the case for a substrate material that was graphitized to a higher temperature, such as Toray TGP-H. 

In a more recent study [268] the Milliken group described their in-situ polymerization procedure in detail, and investigated in detail the effects of such factors as dopant type and level, substrate (fiber) type, degradation, and monomer concentration. They found that the nature of the fiber appeared to have little influence on the polymerization, with hydrophilic fibers such as rayon or cotton working as well as... 

Table 20 shows the performance data of SPPO TFC hollw fibers. The fibers were coated on the shell side. Initial observation showed that when lower concentrations of SPPO solutions (0.1 - 0.3 wt%) were used to coat the fibers, the gas fluxes were very large and the TFC membranes showed no selectivity towards CO2/CH4 gas pair. When the substrate fibers were coated 2 times CO2 permeance was low (5.5 - 6.8 GPU). Table 20 also indicates that an... 

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