Subject issues

National Institute of Mental Health. Ethical and human subjects issues in mental health research with children and adolescents. Washington, DC National Institute of Mental Health, 1993. 

N. Trinajsti6, A. Sablji6 and S. Nikoli6, eds. Acta Pharmac. Jugoslavia, 36 (1986) 79-280 (Special Subject Issue on QSAR in Drug Research). 

Z.B. Maksic, On the Significance of Theoretical Models of Chemical Bonding - Prologue to the Special Subject Issue on Conceptual Quantum Chemistry Models and Applications, Part 1, Croat. Chem. Acta 57 (1984) No. 5. 

The relationship between objective measurement and human assessment is not known for all physical parameters. Mature models for separate subjective issues exist (e.g. thermal comfort [1] and noise) but are not available for all. For example, no consensus model for air quality exists. The reasons are as follows ... 

To summarize, companies are proceeding with the implementation of clean technologies based on a number of quantifiable and semi-quantifiable costs. In the limited number of comprehensive analyses available, relatively few of the possible clean technology projects can be economically justified based only on the value of recovered materials. Source reduction options seem to be more economical than treatment and disposal based on the Amoco case study. To justify many source reduction projects, however, hidden costs must be exposed and subjective issues... 

Vulnerability assessment is not a predictive science—it is an objective way of analyzing subjective issues. Given these realities and the evolving threat environment, the CCPS SVA method, with the specific changes made to address transportation issues, provides a transparent and flexible set of tools to evaluate a wide variety of chemicals, modes of transportation, routes, and to efficiently determine vulnerabilities, assess related risks, and evaluate countermeasures to minimize those risks. 

College on Problems of Drug Dependence. (1995) Human subject issues in drug abuse research. College on Problems of Drug Dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend. 37, 167-175. 

Gorelick D. A., Pickens R., and Bonkovsky F. (1999) Clinical research in substance abuse human subjects issues, in Ethics in Psychiatric Research A Resource Manual for Human Subject Protection (Pincus, H. A., Lieberman, J. A., and Ferris, S., eds.) American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC, pp. 177-218. 

The impact of all mitigating actions and sources of assurance are considered before calculating the residual risk. Reduction of each of likelihood and consequence depends on underlying subject issue and specific control considered. When the actual control plan is not correctly implemented, then the concerned person of the risk team and manager risk team need to think of improvement for action plan implementation and/or modify the framework for control action as warranted for the project. After completion of risk register, all risk should be populated in a consolidated risk matrix (or heat map) with risk IDs. Based on this, a report summary is put before management for consideration major points here are ... 

The first scientific-technical publications on NDT issues appeared in Ukraine already at the end of the 40-ties in Automatic iTh/iii g journal, in the subject collections on technical diagnostics and non-destructive testing. 

Surface Micelles. The possibility of forming clusters of molecules or micelles in monolayer films was first proposed by Langmuir [59]. The matter of surface micelles and the issue of equilibration has been the subject of considerable discussion [191,201,205-209]. Nevertheless, many ir-a isotherms exhibit nonhorizontal lines unexplained by equations of state or phase models. To address this, Israelachvili [210] developed a model for ir-u curves where the amphiphiles form surface micelles of N chains. The isotherm... 

The mechanism of the Fischer-Tropsch reactions has been the object of much study (note Eqs. XVI11-55-XV111-57) and the subject of much controversy. Fischer and Tropsch proposed one whose essential feature was that of a metal carbide—patents have been issued on this basis. It is currently believed that a particular form of active adsorbed carbon atoms is involved, which is then methanated through a series of steps such as... 

Phase transfer catalysis is the subject of an article in the April 1978 issue of the Journal of Chemical Educa tion (pp 235-238) This arti cle includes examples of a variety of reactions carried out under phase transfer conditions... 

Weldments subjected to corrosive attack over a period of time may crack adjacent to the weld seams if the residual stresses are not removed. Gas—tungsten arc welding and gas—metal arc welding ate recommended for joining magnesium, the former for thinner materials and the latter for thicker materials. Maintaining a protective atmosphere is a critical issue in welding these alloys. 

Mm. Ceram. Soc. 69(3,7) (1986). These two issues of the Journal contain a collection of articles devoted to the subject of transformation... 

Hair Coloring Regulation Issues. In the United States the classification of color additives is complex. Under the Federal Food, Dmg and Cosmetic Act, all cosmetic colors must be the subject of an approved color additive petition to the Food and Dmg Administration there is an exception for coal-tar colorants used to color hair. Based on the composition of these colorants, FDA can require a certification on each manufactured batch of colorant to assure conformance with the approved specifications. In the early 1990s FDA has required certification only for synthetically derived coal-tar type colors. Many of the approved color additives, both certified and noncertified, are restricted ia their potential use. These restrictions can be found ia the color additive regulations ia the Code of Federal Regulations at 21 CFR 73 and 74. 

The above-mentioned codes contain requirements for accelerated durabiUty tests. In addition, interlayer manufacturers and laminators expose test samples for several years under extreme weather conditions, eg, the Florida coast and Arizona desert. The laminated products weather extremely well, with no change in the plastic interlayer. Occasionally, clouding is noted around the edges when exposed to high humidity for long periods, but this is reversible. Colored areas of PVB laminates may fade while subjected to extensive uv/solar irradiation, which could cause an appearance issue. This has not, however, been shown to alter the laminate s other performance properties. 

Another safety issue to be considered which might be exacerbated in the reprocessing option is that the plutonium generated in power reactors, called reactor-grade plutonium because it is made up of a variety of plutonium isotopes, contains plutonium-241, which is subject to spontaneous fission (8). The mixture of isotopes makes it extremely difficult to build an effective nuclear weapon. However, an explosive device could be built using this mixture if control of detonation is sacrificed (48). 

Once the patent appHcation is complete and the inventor has made a formal declaration of inventorship, the appHcation is filed with the U.S. PTO. In the U.S. PTO, the appHcation is the subject of a thorough, formal, and substantive examination by a patent examiner. Once the patent examiner is convinced that the patent appHcation satisfies the statutory requirements provided for under the laws of the United States, the patent appHcation will be allowed to issue as a patent. Issuance takes the form of a pubHcation provided by the U.S. Government. The pubHcation of patents occurs only on Tuesdays that ate not federal hoHdays. At the time of issuance, the patent is assigned a number and made pubHc in a form which allows all interested patties to obtain access to it. 

Has the Invention Been the Subject of a Prior Foreign Patent Although one cannot be sure when, or even whether, a patent wiU issue from any appHcation, it is good practice to make sure your U.S. patent appHcation is filed within 12 months of the first foreign filed appHcation. The patenting of an invention in another country by the inventor or another party wiU preclude the issuance of a patent on the same invention in the United States. 

Has the Invention Been the Subject of a Prior U.S. Patent A previously filed U.S. patent appHcation or issued patent disclosing the... 

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