Subject abbreviations

Figure 9 Effect of cyclosporin A on the brain (A) and plasma (B) concentration of nC verapamil in healthy volunteers. (A) 1 -Verapamil ( 0.2 mCi/kg) was administered to healthy volunteers intravenously, approximately one minute before and after one-hour infusion of cyclosporin A (2.5 mg/kg/h). (B) PET images of a normal human brain after nC-verapamil administration in the absence or presence of cyclosporin A. Images shown are in SUV summed over a period of 5 to 25 minutes, which is an index of regional radioactivity uptake normalized to the administered dose and weight of the subject. Abbreviations PET, positron emission tomography SUV, standardized uptake value. Source From Ref. 218.

FIg. 16. Immunoreactive Mn-SOD contents of sera from patients with various diseases, determined by the ELISA. The vertical dashed line denotes the normal upper limit for serum immunoreactive Mn-SOD, taken as 150 ng/mi (mean + 2 SD for 194 normal male subjects). Abbreviations Ca, cancer AML, acute myeloid leukemia CML, chronic myeloid leukemia. Each group included both male and female adult subjects. 

The conduct of studies of medical devices in the US that have not been cleared/ approved by the FDA is regulated via Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) regulations set out in 21 CFR Part 812. Considering the type of device and the level of associated risk involved, investigations maybe conducted as IDE-exempted studies. Abbreviated requirement studies, or studies subject to full IDE requirements. 

Recent work on thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) will not be included in this chapter since it is being reviewed elsewhere in the book. Abbreviations for some mbbers and accelerators will be used throughout in place of their full names as shown in Table 11.1. Acronyms for other polymers and additives wUl be provided in the text as required. A short discussion of polymer miscibility and compatibUization of polymer blends will be provided for better appreciation of the subject. 

Name="Subject Identifier for the Study" DataType="text" Length="25" /> ... 

This abbreviated list of papers highlights one of the problems for astrochemists the results important to the subject are scattered around the literature of many disciplines. The way forward is to consult some of the review papers and follow the literature trails, so I have collected some of the papers with a broader perspective of the subject but this is certainly not complete. The references are given in the format of author, date title, journal title, volume and page number. 

The physicochemical and other properties of any newly identified drug must be extensively characterized prior to its entry into clinical trials. As the vast bulk of biopharmaceuticals are proteins, a summary overview of the approach taken to initial characterization of these biomolecules is presented. A prerequisite to such characterization is initial purification of the protein. Purification to homogeneity usually requires a combination of three or more high-resolution chromatographic steps (Chapter 6). The purification protocol is designed carefully, as it usually forms the basis of subsequent pilot- and process-scale purification systems. The purified product is then subjected to a battery of tests that aim to characterize it fully. Moreover, once these characteristics have been defined, they form the basis of many of the QC identity tests routinely performed on the product during its subsequent commercial manufacture. As these identity tests are discussed in detail in Chapter 7, only an abbreviated overview is presented here, in the form of Figure 4.5. 

Notice that the Observer and Subject names have been replaced. (We ve actually made a slight abbreviation here The addCall and getCall operations will always change the calls size every time, so we can drop the value <> value pre ==> from their postconditions.)... 

The competitive civil-service system is designed to give candidates fair and equal treatment and to ensure that federal applicants are hired based on objective criteria. Hiring has to be based solely on a candidate s knowledge, skills, and abilities (which you ll sometimes see abbreviated as ksa), and not on external factors such as race, religion, sex, and so on. Whereas employers in the private sector can hire employees for subjective reasons, federal employers must be able to justify their decision with objective evidence that the candidate is qualified. 

List of Symbols and Abbreviations 371 Author Index 377 Subject Index 391... 

The vast bulk of prescription drugs on the market today are subject to the requirement for some form of an approved NDA. Following enactment of the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, there are now three clearly established types of NDA a full NDA, a paper NDA [now called a Section 505(b)(2) NDA, after the provision in the FD C Act that created it], and an abbreviated NDA. Each of these is discussed in the sections that follow. 

Note the use of et al. in the preceding examples. The abbreviation et al. (from the Latin et alia) means and others and is used to refer to works that have three or more authors. In the author—date system, the abbreviation et al. follows the last name of the hrst author every time the work is cited. In most ACS journals, et ah , if it is used, is used without capital letters, quotation marks, or italics. In some non-ACS journals, et al. is italicized ( et al ), but the rules regarding capital letters and quotation marks are the same. Because et al. means and others, the verb following et al. must agree with the plural subject (e.g., Snow et al. show... ). Consider the following incorrect and correct examples (based on ACS guidelines) ... 

Also included are a few pages for quick reference to acronyms and abbreviations, plus one to define all the explosives mentioned in the text. This section is called Definitions, Symbols, and Abbreviations. The Bibliography collects all the references cited in the text and adds a few. A Subject Index completes the work. 

Toxicology reports require a surprisingly limited vocabulary. Simple terms should always be preferred over complicated ones. Jargon should be avoided. Abbreviations and acronyms should be defined the first time they are used in each section of the report. Some technical or medical terms are unavoidable, but the author should ensure that all of the terms used can be found in a basic medical dictionary. Do not assume that the reader has an in-depth knowledge of the subject. 

The term substance of very hi h concern, abbreviated SVHC, is associated with a new process that was introduced to the European chemicals policy through the implementation of REACH the authorization process. This procedure aims (1) to encourage the substitution of substances of very high concern with less harmful substances or alternative technologies and (2) assure the proper control of risks arising from SVHC s. A substance being subject to authorization must principally not be used or placed on the market for any use within the European Union. However, specific uses of an authorized substance may be excluded from this general prohibition if, for example, they are a priori exempted from authorization or if the manufacturer, importer, or downstream user successfully applied for their authorization. The authorization process is laid down in REACH Articles 55-66 and may be initiated by the ECHA on behalf of the European Commission or by EU member state competent authorities. Substances which are subject... 

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