Employers’ Federation

All private-sector employers who hire a new worker from this eligible group are entitled to tax credits. However, the decision to apply for certification and to file for the tax credit is up to the discretion of the employer. The WOTC can reduce employers federal tax liability by as much as USD 2,400 per new hire (USD 1,200 for each new summer youth hire). 

That such notions are not merely a reflection of the protectionist approaches of professional interest groups is indicated by the expression of similar concerns by the Engineering Employers Federation (EEF), which according to Allen (2004 9) noted in response to the Consultative Document on the OEL framework, that ... 

It was hardly an option for Norwegian Oil and Gas Associations to refuse to participate in this forum. The president did not seem overly enthusiastic and he underscored the importance of the NPD as the administrator. With this move, the trade unions, supported by the political authorities, had enrolled a new actor, a tripartite arena where the unions, the employers federations and the authorities could exert a significant influence on the agenda. This step also created psychological commitment... 

Objectivity and trustworthiness are key words when one is to form a considered opinion about safety. The results from the project have been presented for Safety Forum, where the trade unions and the employers federations are represented. The comments thus far have been positive and constructive with expectations that this will contribute to a common platform for safety improvement. 

Many of the new arenas that were created, such as Safety Forum and the reference groups of RNNP and other research projects, tended to recruit participants from a small population of dedicated persons in trade unions, employers federations, oil companies and the NPD. As a consequence, these people met each other frequently and had the opportunity to get familiar and develop informal and pragmatic styles of interaction. 

Employers Federation, see Norges arbeidsgiverforening Engineer s Association, see Ingenlbrsfbreningen... 

Nordic TradePaper for Chemical Industry, see NordiskHandelsbladforkemisklndustri Nordisk Handelsblad for kemisk Industri Nordic Trade Paper for Chemical Industijj, 81 Norges arbeidsgiverforening (Employers Federation), 231 Norsk Kjemisk Selskap (Norwegian Chemical Society), 227, 229, 232-234, 329, 330, 333,342... 

The TOT investigation team is comprised of the required number of members. They have to have relevant experience in the field of the case in question, the working environment and the working practices. The team is comprised of experts from the insurance company, workers union and employers federation. In addition, the team might need technical and safety management experts, depending on the case (Fig. 1) (Federation of Accident Insurance Institutions 2012b). 

The establishment of a standard in general, and for an occupational health and safety system in particular, takes a lot of time. This is especially so because employers federations have been against the development of an occupational health and safety standard for fear of the proliferation of certification. However the new ISO 9000 (2000 version) is a formal management system, which defines the environment within a business and can also take into account requirements for an occupational health and safety system. It offers opportunities, for example through ITA s, to add health and safety requirements to the management system, even if there are no regulatory requirements or standards to date. This being the case, it is questionable whether there is a real need to have a separate standard for an occupational health and safety system, because it can be treated as part of (Total) quality. 

Workers Compensation laws ensure that employees injured or disabled on the job receive appropriate monetary benefits, eliminating the need for litigation. These laws also provide benefits for dependents of those workers who are killed because of work-related accidents or illnesses. Some laws also protect employers and fellow workers by limiting the amount an injured employee can recover from an employer and by eliminating the liability of coworkers in most accidents. State Workers Compensation statutes establish this framework for most employment. Federal statutes are limited to federal employees or those workers employed in some significant aspect of interstate commerce. The injury or illness must have resulted from employment. 

The exercise carried out by the Construction Safety Association of Ontario in 1967 indicated that the cost of their accidents was about six times the net profits to the construction industry in Ontario. A 20% reduction was stated to effect a saving of 150 million. That exercise is possibly the reason for the emphasis on education and instruction training using all possible media. Seldom, if ever, in Britain is there reference to industrial accidents, not necessarily construction accidents, on television or in the newspapers. Excerpts from the Employers Federation s films have been shown, but have no impact unless they are followed through continuously. 

The Factories Act 1961 and Regulations made under it call for the wearing of various items of protective equipment. I feel that legislation should make the wearing of safety helmets compulsory in the same way in the construction industry. However, certain unions and employers federations have not helped in the past by suggesting that this may prejudice an employee s, or the employer s, case in the event of an injury. 

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