Styrene-maleic anhydride mechanical properties

Additional opportunities in the styrene plastics industry exist for the development of products having such unique properties as high heat resistance and optical transparency. Arco produces the Dylark family of heat-resistant styrene plastics, which are copolymers of styrene-maleic anhydride. These products have a good balance of mechanical properties and have a heat distortion (under ASTM D68) of 234 F (33) which is markedly higher than homo polystyrene. 

Specifically, PVC blends with polyethylene, polypropylene, or polystyrene could offer significant potential. PVC offers rigidity combined with flammability resistance. In essence, PVC offers the promise to be the lowest cost method to flame retard these polymers. The processing temperatures for the polyolefins and polystyrene are within the critical range for PVC. In fact, addition of the polyolefins to PVC should enhance its ability to be extruded and injected molded. PVC has been utilized in blends with functional styrenics (ABS and styrene-maleic anhydride co-and terpolymers) as well as PMMA offering the key advantage of improved flame resistance. Reactive extrusion concepts applied to PVC blends with polyolefins and polystyrene appear to be a facile method for compatibilization should the proper chemical modifications be found. He et al. [1997] noted the use of solid-state chlorinated polyethylene as a compatibilizer for PVC/LLDPE blends with a significant improvement in mechanical properties. A recent treatise [Datta and Lohse,... 

Further, Monsanto developed the technology to prepare heat-resistant ABS having excellent mechanical properties and reinforced weatherabil-ity by introducing the terpolymer of styrene-maleic anhydride-methyl methacrylate into ABS to produce heat-resistant ABS, which has excellent heat resistance properties. 

Wang Y. and Guo J., Melt compounding of PMMA/clay nanocomposites with styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers Effect of copolymer type on thermal, mechanical and dielectric properties. Polymer Composited 2010, 31, 596-603. 

PB grafted with styrene, methylmethacrylate, and maleic anhydride (ABSM-MA) or a mixture of ABS and SMM-MA processability, high impact strength, mechanical properties Dufour, 1982... 

The double bonds in soybean oil can be converted to reactive monomers (Khot et al., 2001 Wool et al., 2002a,b). These reactive monomers (maleates) are copolymerized with styrene through free radical mechanism to form rigid thermosetting resins. The maleates are obtained by glycerol transesterification of soybean oil followed by esterification with maleic anhydride. Several triacylglycerol-based polymers and composites were synthesized, and their properties compared. 

Glycidyl methacrylate copolymers Ethylene/butyl acrylate/maleic anhydride copolymers Styrene/ethylene-butylene/styrene block copolymer Poly(amide) (PA), MgO Silicone rubber and aminosilane Liquid crystalline polymers Improved impact strength Improved impact strength" Improved impact strength Improved electrical properties, in glass fiber applications" Improved mechanical properties" Viscosity reduction" ... 

Unsaturated polyesters with molecular weights of several thousand are made commercially by condensing maleic anhydride or phthalic anhydride with ethylene glycol or propylene glycol. The subsequent free radical copolymerization with 30-35% by wt styrene leads to a cross-linked product which possesses exceptionally good mechanical properties, particularly when reinforced with glass fiber. The thermosetting properties... 

Simultaneous influence of polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (MAPP) and silane-treated hemp fibers (HF) on morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of high-flow polypropylene (PP) modified with poly[styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene] (SEBS) was studied. Thermal stability of HF was improved... 

The adding of charging groups in PU can increase the blends compatibility and enhance the mechanical properties [35]. Blends of copolymers, such as styrene and maleic anhydride [36] or styrene and maleimides [37] with TPU, exhibit improved impact strength at still-high Vicat temperatures. 

Thermal and UV-initiated cyclo-polymerizations of mixed allyl-butenedioate monomers with both donor and acceptor unsaturations such as methyl allyl fumarate or maleate were recently described. Hyperbranched macromolecules were obtained by free radical alternating copolymerization of bifunctional monomers containing two polymerizable double bonds of allyl and vinylene type with styrene or maleic anhydride. Thanks to their original structure, this new class of liquid blends exhibit improved mechanical and physical properties useful for a wide range of coating applications. ... 

Until 2003, Chen s [28], Qu s [29-31], and Hu s [32] groups independently reported nanocomposites with polymeric matrices for the first time the. In Hsueh and Chen s work, exfoUated polyimide/LDH was prepared by in situ polymerization of a mixture of aminobenzoate-modified Mg-Al LDH and polyamic acid (polyimide precursor) in N,N-dimethylactamide [28]. In other work, Chen and Qu successfully synthesized exfoliated polyethylene-g-maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA)/LDH nanocomposites by refluxing in a nonpolar xylene solution of PE-g-MA [29,30]. Then, Li et al. prepared polyfmethyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/MgAl LDH by exfoliation/adsorption with acetone as cosolvent [32]. Since then, polymer/LDH nanocomposites have attracted extensive interest. The wide variety of polymers used for nanocomposite preparation include polyethylene (PE) [29, 30, 33 9], polystyrene (PS) [48, 50-58], poly(propylene carbonate) [59], poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [60-62], poly(vinyl chloride) [63], syndiotactic polystyrene [64], polyurethane [65], poly[(3-hydroxybutyrate)-co-(3-hydroxyvalerate)] [66], polypropylene (PP) [48, 67-70], nylon 6 [9,71,72], ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) [73-77], poly(L-lactide) [78], poly(ethylene terephthalate) [79, 80], poly(caprolactone) [81], poly(p-dioxanone) [82], poly(vinyl alcohol) [83], PMMA [32,47, 48, 57, 84-93], poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [94], poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) [95], polyimide [28], and epoxy [96-98]. These nanocomposites often exhibit enhanced mechanical, thermal, optical, and electrical properties and flame retardancy. Among them, the thermal properties and flame retardancy are the most interesting and will be discussed in the following sections. 

The dynamic mechanical properties (shear modulus and loss tangent) of polymer composites prepared from carbon fiber and thermosetting and thermoplastic resins were studied in the frequency range 0.01-5.0 Hz. The stxrface of the fiber was covered by the interlayer from styrene-co-maleic anhydride polymer. It was estabhshed that different interphase composition causes a difference of dynamic mechanical behavior and that the interphase contributes both to glass transition and to energy dissipation. 

Considerable recent effort has been directed towards the conversion of vegetable oils into solid polymeric materials. These vegetable oil-based polymers generally possess viable mechanical properties and thus show promise as structural materials in a variety of applications. For example. Wool and coworkers have prepared rigid thermosets and composites via free-radical copolymerization of soybean oil monoglyceride maleates and styrene (10-12). The new maleate monomers are obtained by glycerol transesterification of soybean oil, followed by esterification with maleic anhydride (10). It has been... 

The optimum molar ratio of substrates for UPR synthesis was foimd to be 1.10 0.75 0.30 (glycol maleic anhydride anthracene/cyclopentadiene). Polycondensation reactions were carried out with the addition of xylene, in the temperature range of 140-150 °C. The polyesters were crosslinked with styrene (45 wt %) in the presence of ciunyl hydroperoxide and cobalt naph-thenate. The results of determination of mechanical and electrical properties... 

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