Styrene, copolymerization with

Styrene Copolymers. Acrylonitrile, butadiene, a-methylstyrene, acryUc acid, and maleic anhydride have been copolymerized with styrene to yield commercially significant copolymers. Acrylonitrile copolymer with styrene (SAN), the largest-volume styrenic copolymer, is used in appHcations requiring increased strength and chemical resistance over PS. Most of these polymers have been prepared at the cross-over or azeotropic composition, which is ca 24 wt % acrylonitrile (see Acrylonithile polya rs Copolyp rs). 

Monomethylacryloyl and vinylbenzyl derivatives of sucrose have been prepared as intermediates for polymers, and preparation of a range of copolymers of styrene and O-methjiacryloylsucrose has been described (114). Synthesis of 4- and 6-0-acryloylsucrose has been achieved by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of 4,6-0-(l-ethoxy-2-propenyhdene)sucrose (76). These acryloyl derivatives have been polymerized and copolymerized with styrene (qv). 

On the organic side of the interface, chemical bonds are formed between the organofunctional R group of the silane and the reactive species in the polymer matrix. For example, a methacrylate- or styryl-functional silane reacts with polyesters copolymerized with styrene or similar monomers, while amino- or chloroalkyl-functional silanes are unsuitable in this particular case. Polybutadiene... 

Apart from poly(ethylene glycol), other hydroxyl-terminated polymers and low-molecular weight compounds were condensed with ACPC. An interesting example is the reaction of ACPC with preformed poly(bu-tadiene) possessing terminal OH groups [26]. The reaction was carried out in chloroform solution and (CH3CH2)3N was used as a catalyst. MAIs based on butadiene thus obtained were used for the thermally induced block copolymerization with styrene [26] and dimethyl itaconate [27]. 

Polyaddition reactions based on isocyanate-terminated poly(ethylene glycol)s and subsequent block copolymerization with styrene monomer were utilized for the impregnation of wood [54]. Hazer [55] prepared block copolymers containing poly(ethylene adipate) and po-ly(peroxy carbamate) by an addition of the respective isocyanate-terminated prepolymers to polyazoesters. By both bulk and solution polymerization and subsequent thermal polymerization in the presence of a vinyl monomer, multiblock copolymers could be formed. 

Butadiene is by far the most important monomer for synthetic rubber production. It can be polymerized to polybutadiene or copolymerized with styrene to styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). Butadiene is an important intermediate for the synthesis of many chemicals such as hexa-methylenediamine and adipic acid. Both are monomers for producing nylon. Chloroprene is another butadiene derivative for the synthesis of neoprene rubber. 

Acrylic textile fibers are primarily polymers of acrylonitrile. It is copolymerized with styrene and butadiene to make moldable plastics known as SA and ABS resins, respectively. Solutia and others electrolytically dimerize it to adiponitrile, a compound used to make a nylon intermediate. Reaction with water produces a chemical (acrylamide), which is an intermediate for the production of polyacrylamide used in water treatment and oil recovery. 

Uses Its largest uses are for polymeriztion to polybutadiene and copolymerization with styrene to make synthetic rubber (SBR) for tires and other rubber uses. Other uses include the preparation of chloroprene for oil-resistant rubber (neoprene) and hexamethylenediamine for the preparation of nylon. 

Even the copolymerizations with styrene at 20 C were very slow and gave only low molecular weight copolymers in extremely low yields. 

Isopropenylferrocene does not homopolymerize under free radical conditions using AIBN as an initiator, but it does copolymerize with styrene.Preliminary results indicate that the IDM monomer also copolymerizes with styrene using AIBN. In benzene solvent at 50°C in 24 h, a 10.6% yield of copolymer (IR vc=0 2020, 1945 cm , vN=0 1675 cm-- -, V q 1601 cm-- -, v 3020 cm-- -) resulted having an M f 5700 and containing 6.8% of IDM as determined by elemental analysis. The initial monomer mixture contained 17% of IDM. 

To improve the polymerizability of organotin monomers, a convenient method for the production of trialkylstannyl-1,3-alkadienes has been developed 54 57) and their copolymerization with styrene and methyl methacrylate studied 58 59). 

A noticeable change in the TBSM activity as compared with that of its organic analog BMA (rBMA = 0.64 and rSt = 0.54)89) in the free-radical copolymerization with styrene may be ascribed to steric factors and the effect of intermolecular coordination. 

Homopolymerization of ethyl 4-vinyl-a-cyano-p-phenylcinnamate with AIBN in benzene gave a soluble polymer of inherent viscosity 0.2 djf,/g. There was no evidence for involvement of the tetra-substituted double bond in the polymerization. Copolymerizations with styrene and methyl methacrylate were also successful. 

Following a procedure previously employed for simple styryl TADDOLs [105], dendritic styryl-substituted TADDOLs were copolymerized with styrene... 

The synthesis of the first polymer-supported chiral Mn-salen derivatives was reported independently by Sivaram171 and Minutolo.171-173 Different monomeric Jacobsen-type units, containing two polymerizable vinyl groups, were copolymerized with styrene and divinylbenzene to yield the corresponding cross-linked polymers as a monolithic compact block.174-176 The less mobile system (Figure 19) with no spacer between the aromatic ring and the polymer backbone is less enantioselective. 

For example, XI will copolymerize with styrene to give a copolymer containing carbonate groups in the main polymer chain (20). Ifydrolysis gives the oligomeric polystyrene capped with reactive hydroxyl groups (2). 

In situ FC tests have shown that these membranes are capable of performances at least comparable to Nafion under fully humidified, 60°C operation conditions. Lifetimes were typically short however, with the introduction of DVB as a cross-linker during the graft copolymerization with styrene, lifetimes could be improved to around 1,000 hours. This could be further improved to over 6,(300 hours using a combination of DVB and triallyl cyanuarate as cross-linkers. ... 

Seebach and coworkers prepared salen derivatives possessing two to eight st)ryl groups for crosslinking copolymerization with styrene [71]. The salen cores were derived from ( R,Rj-l,2-diphenylethylenediamine or 2-cyclohexane-... 

The major four-carbon feedstock molecules are 1,3-butadiene and isobutylene, both involved in the synthesis of many monomers and intermediates. Butadiene is copolymerized with styrene to form SBR and with acrylonitrile to form ABS rubbers. 

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