Polymeric solid materials

In addition to conformational studies of RLPs, multiple groups have studied the mechanical properties of cross-linked RLPs. As mentioned above, Elvin et al. successfully expressed RLPs in E. coU in soluble form in 2005. This recombinant RLP was cross-linked via Ru(II)-mediated photochemical protocols to establish the formation of dityrosine cross-links in order to produce a cross-linked polymeric solid material at a concentration greater than lOOmgml". Tliis photo-cross-linking method is rapid, quantitative, and controllable, and its successful application suggests opportunities for multiple modes of cross-linking in engineering resilin-based materials. 

Charge Transport by Redox Molecules in Polymeric Solid Materials. . .. 146... 

Abstract Polymeric materials confining functional molecules are one of the most promising materials for designing nanodevices for energy conversion, e.g., solar cells, fuel cells, and artificial photosynthetic devices that are expected to provide a renewable energy resource. Charge transport (CT) and catalysis by redox molecules in polymeric solid materials are reviewed with a focus on a polyanion film, typically Nafion and other polymeric materials, containing excess water. CT in a polyanion film is evaluated based on the... 

Keywords Charge transport Catalysis Polymeric solid materials ... 

Chemical Reactivity - Reactivity with Water A slow, non-hazardous reaction occurs, forming propanolamine Reactivity with Common Materials No reactions Stability During Transport The product is stable if it is kept in contact with solid caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics Dilute with water and rinse with vinegar solution Polymerization This material will polymerize explosively when in contact with any acid Inhibitor of Potymerization Solid sodium hydroxide (caustic soda). 

Polylactides, 18 Poly lactones, 18, 43 Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), 22, 41, 42 preparation of, 99-100 Polymer age, 1 Polymer architecture, 6-9 Polymer chains, nonmesogenic units in, 52 Polymer Chemistry (Stevens), 5 Polymeric chiral catalysts, 473-474 Polymeric materials, history of, 1-2 Polymeric MDI (PMDI), 201, 210, 238 Polymerizations. See also Copolymerization Depolymerization Polyesterification Polymers Prepolymerization Repolymerization Ring-opening polymerization Solid-state polymerization Solution polymerization Solvent-free polymerization Step-grown polymerization processes Vapor-phase deposition polymerization acid chloride, 155-157 ADMET, 4, 10, 431-461 anionic, 149, 174, 177-178 batch, 167 bulk, 166, 331 chain-growth, 4 continuous, 167, 548 coupling, 467 Friedel-Crafts, 332-334 Hoechst, 548 hydrolytic, 150-153 influence of water content on, 151-152, 154... 

Today, the term solid electrolyte or fast ionic conductor or, sometimes, superionic conductor is used to describe solid materials whose conductivity is wholly due to ionic displacement. Mixed conductors exhibit both ionic and electronic conductivity. Solid electrolytes range from hard, refractory materials, such as 8 mol% Y2C>3-stabilized Zr02(YSZ) or sodium fT-AbCb (NaAluOn), to soft proton-exchange polymeric membranes such as Du Pont s Nafion and include compounds that are stoichiometric (Agl), non-stoichiometric (sodium J3"-A12C>3) or doped (YSZ). The preparation, properties, and some applications of solid electrolytes have been discussed in a number of books2 5 and reviews.6,7 The main commercial application of solid electrolytes is in gas sensors.8,9 Another emerging application is in solid oxide fuel cells.4,5,1, n... 

Since crosslinking of the polymer occurs as the result of the initial formation of silyl radicals, the siloxane polymer containing both phenyldisilanyl units and functional groups which undergo radical polymerization should produce solid material whatever the thickness of the films. To ascertain this, we have examined the photochemical behavior of the polymers 2-4. 

Composites are an important class of solid materials, whose history goes back to ancient times. For example, bricks made only of clay were not as strong as those in which straw was mixed with the clay. Now we use clay as the filler in new polymeric composites to enhance their mechanical properties. The ionic con-... 

The main focus of the following considerations is on catalysis using inorganic materials. Similar considerations come into play for catalysis with molecular compounds as catalytic components of course, issues related to diffusion in porous systems are not applicable there as molecular catalysts, unless bound or attached to a solid material or contained in a polymeric entity, lack a porous system which could restrict mass transport to the active center. It is evident that the basic considerations for mass transport-related phenomena are also valid for liquid and liquid-gas-phase catalysis with inorganic materials. 

X-ray crystallographic techniques when extended to polymeric solids some interesting features of the internal structure of these substances. It was found that good majority of polymers diffract X-rays like any crystalline substance but many behave like amorphous materials giving very broad and diffuse X-ray diffraction patterns. This is seen in following figure. 

Hybrid rockets are intermediate between solid rockets and hquid rockets in terms of the nature of the combination of solid fuel and hquid oxidizer. Since the fuel and oxidizer components of a Hquid rocket are physically separated, two mechanical systems are needed to feed these components into the combustion chamber. On the other hand, a hybrid rocket uses a polymeric inert material as a fuel and a Hquid oxidizer, and so only one mechanical system is needed to feed this Hquid oxidizer into the combusHon chamber. 

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