Stroke duration

Stoss, m. impulse, thrust, push, blow, stroke impact, collision, percussion, shock, jolt, blimp recoil pile, heap, (of papers) file joint blast (of a horn), stossartig, a. jolting, jerky, intermittent. Stossbutter, /. farm butter, stossdlimpfend, a. shock-absorbing, cushioning. Stoss ddmpfer, m. shock absorber dash pot. -dauer, /. duration of collision, of impact, etc. (see Stoss). 

Expert opinion is a source, frequently elicited by survey, that is used to obtain information where no or few data are available. For example, in our experience with a multicountry evaluation of health care resource utilization in atrial fibrillation, very few country-specific published data were available on this subject. Thus the decision-analytic model was supplemented with data from a physician expert panel survey to determine initial management approach (rate control vs. cardioversion) first-, second-, and third-line agents doses and durations of therapy type and frequency of studies that would be performed to initiate and monitor therapy type and frequency of adverse events, by body system and the resources used to manage them place of treatment and adverse consequences of lack of atrial fibrillation control and cost of these consequences, for example, stroke, congestive heart failure. This method may also be used in testing the robustness of the analysis [30]. 

The timing of CEA after ischemic stroke has been a controversial issue. In 1969, the Joint Study of Extracranial Arterial Occlusion reported 42% mortality after CEA in patients with neurological deficits of less than 2 weeks duration, compared with 5% mortality in patients with more than 2 weeks of symptoms. Early evidence also demonstrated an increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage after early CEA in patients with acute stroke. This led to the conclusion that most complications occurred with early surgical intervention, and resulted in a traditional 4-6 week delay for CEA after an acute stroke. In retrospect, however, there were major problems with patient selection in these earlier reports. Many of the patients... 

Stroke consultants may be deterred from providing telemedicine-based consultation by the requirement of securing licensure in all states in which they provide consultation. However, acute stroke consultation may be exempt from these rules in states that make exceptions for emergency situations, limited duration of clinical care, or consultation to patients in bordering states. Still, other states prohibit ongoing... 

Age >40 yr, previous venous thromboembolism, chronic heart failure, acute respiratory failure, recent major surgery (within 2 wk), confined air/ground travel (>6 h duration within 1 wk of admission), inflammatory bowel disease, myocardial infarction, nephrotic syndrome, and ischemic stroke... 

Chronic transfusion is indicated to prevent stroke and stroke recurrence in children. Transfusion frequency is usually every 3 to 4 weeks and should be adjusted to maintain HbS of less than 30% of total hemoglobin. The optimal duration is unknown. Risks include alloimmunization, hyperviscosity, viral transmission (requiring hepatitis A and B vaccination), volume and iron overload, and transfusion reactions. 

Systemic effects of methamphetamine are similar to those of cocaine. Inhalation or IV injection results in an intense rush that lasts a few minutes. Methamphetamine has a longer duration of effect than cocaine. Pharmacologic effects include increased wakefulness, increased physical activity, decreased appetite, increased respiration, hyperthermia, euphoria, irritability, insomnia, confusion, tremors, anxiety, paranoia, aggressiveness, convulsions, increased heart rate and blood pressure, stroke, and death. 

The result of the Phase II trial is information needed to determine the effective dose and the dosing regimen of frequency and duration. Specihc chnical endpoints or markers are used to assess interaction of drug and disease. There are two types of markers definitive and surrogate. For example, in the case of cancer or hypertension, the definitive markers are mortality and stroke, respectively, and the surrogate markers may be tumor size, or cancer-associated proteins p53, TGF-a in the case of cancer, and blood pressure or cholesterol level in hypertension. Statistical analysis is carried out to evaluate the... 

Cardiovascular (CV) risk NSAIDs may cause an increased risk of serious CV thrombotic events, myocardial infarction (Ml), and stroke, which can be fatal. This risk may increase with duration of use. Patients with CV disease or risk factors for CV disease may be at higher risk. 

Cardiovascular safety. Both drug types promote salt retention, can exacerbate heart failure and tend to raise blood pressure. COX-2 selective drugs also appear to raise the risks of thrombotic events, notably stroke and myocardial infarction, and recent evidence suggests that non-selective NSAIDs also raise these risks, though it is unclear whether to the same degree. For both drug types, dose and duration of treatment appear to affect risk. 

Cocaine Same as above also has sympathomimetic effects Same as above Procedures requiring high surface activity and vasoconstriction Topical or parenteral duration 1-2 h Toxicity CNS excitation, convulsions, cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, stroke... 

Diazepam Facilitates GABAergic transmission in central nervous system (see Chapter 22) Increases interneuron inhibition of primary motor afferents in spinal cord central sedation Chronic spasm due to cerebral palsy, stroke, spinal cord injury acute spasm due to muscle injury Hepatic metabolism duration, 12-24 h Toxicities See Chapter 22... 

Tizanidine o -Adrenoceptor agonist in the spinal cord Presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibition of reflex motor output Spasm due to multiple sclerosis, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Renal and hepatic elimination t duration, 3-6 h Toxicities Weakness, sedation hypotension... 

Figure 1 The relative 6-year mortality hazard ratios are shown for reported usual sleep hr from 2-3 hr/night to 10 or more hr/night, relative to 1.0 assigned to the hazard for 7 hr/night as the reference standard. The solid line with 95% confidence interval bars shows results from a 32-covariate Cox proportional hazards survival model, as reported previously (3). The dotted lines show data from models that excluded subjects who were not initially healthy, i.e., who died within the first year or whose questionnaires reported any cancer, heart disease, stroke, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, or current illness (a yes answer to the question are you sick at the present time ). The dot-dash lines with X symbols show models controlling only for age, insomnia, and use of sleeping pills. Data were from 635,317 women and 478,619 men. The thin solid lines with diamonds show the percent of subjects with each reported sleep duration (right axis).

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