Monitoring therapy

The primary care provider will closely monitor therapy. Keep all appointments for primary care provider visits or laboratory or diagnostic tests. 

The patient and family demonstrate an understanding of treatment and techniques necessary to monitor therapy. 

During therapy, the nurse periodically obtains (daily or more frequently) serum electrolyte or bicarbonate studies to monitor therapy. 

Expert opinion is a source, frequently elicited by survey, that is used to obtain information where no or few data are available. For example, in our experience with a multicountry evaluation of health care resource utilization in atrial fibrillation, very few country-specific published data were available on this subject. Thus the decision-analytic model was supplemented with data from a physician expert panel survey to determine initial management approach (rate control vs. cardioversion) first-, second-, and third-line agents doses and durations of therapy type and frequency of studies that would be performed to initiate and monitor therapy type and frequency of adverse events, by body system and the resources used to manage them place of treatment and adverse consequences of lack of atrial fibrillation control and cost of these consequences, for example, stroke, congestive heart failure. This method may also be used in testing the robustness of the analysis [30]. 

The risk of infection in patients treated with biologic response modifiers must be considered when selecting and monitoring therapy. 

The risk of injection inpatients treated with BRMs must be considered when selecting and monitoring therapy.36 Influencing the immune response to reduce symptoms of RA may influence the body s response to pathogens. Of particular concern is the... 

In dermatology, the detection of PpIX fluorescence has shown promise for the visualization of skin cancers after topical application of ALA offering a convenient and simple method to monitor therapy progression and success [ 139 -141 ]. 

Monitoring therapy Perform adequate pretreatment laboratory studies. Obtain periodic determinations of serum lipids during administration. Withdraw the drug after 3 months if response is inadequate. 

DYPHYLLINE Dyphylline is a derivative of theophylline it is not a theophylline salt, and is not metabolized to theophylline in vivo. Although dyphylline is 70% theophylline by molecular weight ratio, the amount of dyphylline equivalent to a given amount of theophylline is not known. Specific dyphylline serum levels may be used to monitor therapy serum theophylline levels will not measure dyphylline. The minimal effective therapeutic concentration is 12 mcg/mL. 

Toxicity is closely related to serum lithium levels and can occur at therapeutic doses. Facilities for serum lithium determinations are required to monitor therapy. 

Ancillary procedures to start and monitor therapy (e.g., preliminary and follow-up laboratory tests)... 

Markers of bone resorption can be measured in serum or urine, whereas bone formation markers, such as bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, are usually measured in serum. Measurement of bone markers allows for real-time assessment of bone resorption or formation and can be used to monitor therapy (Ravn et al., 2003). The pyridonolines (deoxypyridinoline and pyridinoline) and the N- and C-teleopep-tides are the most frequently measured markers of bone resorption. Pyridinoline and teleopep-tides (NTx and CTx) are increased in individuals with metabolic bone diseases associated... 

Quantitative insulin determination (Yalow et al. 1959) is useful for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and for monitoring therapy. 

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