Stripe

Fig. XV-9. Fluorescence micrograph of the stripe patterns observed in a monolayer from a mixture of PA and SP-Bi-25 (20% by weight peptide) on a buffered saline subphase at 16 C and zero surface pressure. (From Ref. 55.)...

Figure A3.14.13. Further examples of the various Turing patterns observable in a 2D gel reaetor. (a) and (b) spots, (e) and (d) stripes, (e) and (1) wider field of view showing long-range defeets in basie stnietine. The seale bar alongside eaeh figure represents 1 nnu. (Reprinted with pemrission from [39], The Ameriean Institute of Physios.)...

Valentine G J, Hopkins J-M, Loza-Alvarez P, Kennedy G T, Sibbett W, Burns D and Valster A 1997 Ultralow-pump-threshold, femtosecond Cr LiSrAIFg laser pumped by a single narrow-stripe AIGalnP laser diode Opt. Lett. 22 1639-41... 

Figure C2.7.6. STM images of an Ru(OOOl) surface after dissociative adsorjDtion of NO at 315 K. (A) Image (38 nmx33 nm) showing two terraces separated by a monatomic step (black stripe). (B) Close-up (6 nmx4 mn) showing an O island and individual N atoms. Individual O atoms are imaged as dashes (arrow) [9]...

Consequently, when D /Dj exceeds the critical value, close to the bifurcation one expects to see the appearance of chemical patterns with characteristic lengtli i= In / k. Beyond the bifurcation point a band of wave numbers is unstable and the nature of the pattern selected (spots, stripes, etc.) depends on the nonlinearity and requires a more detailed analysis. Chemical Turing patterns were observed in the chlorite-iodide-malonic acid (CIMA) system in a gel reactor [M, 59 and 60]. Figure C3.6.12(a) shows an experimental CIMA Turing spot pattern [59]. 

One may also observe a transition to a type of defect-mediated turbulence in this Turing system (see figure C3.6.12 (b). Here the defects divide the system into domains of spots and stripes. The defects move erratically and lead to a turbulent state characterized by exponential decay of correlations [59]. Turing bifurcations can interact with the Hopf bifurcations discussed above to give rise to very complicated spatio-temporal patterns [63, 64]. 

Unlike catfish, tilapia, trout and salmon, that produce several hundred to several thousand eggs per female, many marine species produce large numbers of very small eggs. Hundreds of thousands to millions of eggs are produced by such species as haUbut, flounders, red dmm, striped bass, and shrimp. Catfish, salmon, and trout spawn once a year, while tilapia and some marine species spawn repeatedly if the proper environmental conditions are maintained (1). Red dmm, for example, spawn every few days for periods of several months when light and temperature and properly controlled (10). 

Stripes may be appHed to wire coated with ETEE fluoropolymer over DuLite 817-5002 fluoropolymer clear enamel or other bases. Thermally stable pigments are required. Stripes may be appHed by gravure-wheel-type appHcators and oven-cured in-line. 

Because there are two changes ia material composition near the active region, this represents a double heterojunction. Also shown ia Figure 12 is a stripe geometry that confines the current ia the direction parallel to the length of the junction. This further reduces the power threshold and makes the diffraction-limited spreading of the beam more symmetric. The stripe is often defined by implantation of protons, which reduces the electrical conductivity ia the implanted regions. Many different stmctures for semiconductor diode lasers have been developed. 

An important development in the 1980s was the multiple stripe laser, capable of emission of high output powers. A number of stripes are placed on a bar perhaps 1 cm wide the output of the different stripes is coupled so that the device may be regarded as a single laser. Bars having continuous output up to 20 W are available in the aluminum gallium arsenide system. A number of bars may then be stacked to form two-dimensional arrays with high values of output power. 

Early injection lasers were small rectangular parallelepipeds made by cutting a wafer of GaAs. Feedback was provided by mirrors polished on two edges or by cleaving. The wafer had ap—n junction incorporated into it and broad area or stripe contacts were provided. Laser stmctures have since evolved to satisfy a wide range of appHcation specific requirements. 

Environmental Impact of Ambient Ozone. Ozone can be toxic to plants, animals, and fish. The lethal dose, LD q, for albino mice is 3.8 ppmv for a 4-h exposure (156) the 96-h LC q for striped bass, channel catfish, and rainbow trout is 80, 30, and 9.3 ppb, respectively. Small, natural, and anthropogenic atmospheric ozone concentrations can increase the weathering and aging of materials such as plastics, paint, textiles, and mbber. For example, mbber is degraded by reaction of ozone with carbon—carbon double bonds of the mbber polymer, requiring the addition of aromatic amines as ozone scavengers (see Antioxidants Antiozonants). An ozone decomposing polymer (noXon) has been developed that destroys ozone in air or water (157). 

PMMA-PVFj, PEMA-PVFj better chemical and uv resistance than PMMA or PEMA, better clarity than PVF2 outdoor film, decorative striping on automobiles 45,325,44... 

These grass-like and resident instadations require substantial amounts of synthetic materials. A typical sports field covered with artificial turf requires approximately 15,000 kg of fabric, 15,000—30,000 kg of shock-absorbing underpad, and 5,000—10,000 kg of adhesive and seaming materials. The artificial surface for a 0.40-km miming track may require 50,000—70,000 kg of materials. Paint striping and marking of turf, tracks, and courts cad for additional materials. 

Sunflower. Two types of sunflowers are grown in the United States. Varieties grown for oilseed production, ca 85% of crop, are generally black-seeded, having thin seed coats that adhere to the kernels. These contain 40—50% oil and ca 20% protein. Nonoilseed varieties, ca 15% of crop, sometimes referred to as confectionery, striped, or large-seeded sunflowers, have striped, relatively thick hulls that do not adhere to the kernels. These contain 20—30% oil and are usually larger than seeds of oilseed varieties. 

Seeds. The sunflower seed (achene) is four-sided and flattened, ca 9 mm long x 4-8 mm wide, having a black or striped gray and black seed coat (pericarp) enclosing a kernel. The kernel contains protein and Hpid bodies. 

Intensive or extensive culture of aquatic animals requires chemicals that control disease, enhance the growth of cultured species, reduce handling trauma to organisms, improve water quality, disinfect water, and control aquatic vegetation, predaceous insects, or other nuisance organisms. The aquacultural chemical need for various species have been described for rainbow trout, Oncorhjnchus mjkiss (1) Adantic and Pacific salmon, Salmo and Oncorhjnchus sp. (2) channel catfish, Ictaluruspunctatus (3) striped bass, Morone saxatilis (4) milkfish, Chanos chanos (5) moUusks (6) penaeid (Penaeus sp.) shrimp (7) and a variety of other marine species (8). 

J. P. McCraren, The Hquaculture of Striped Bass Sea Grant PubHcation No. UM-SG-MAP-84-01, University of Maryland, College Park, Md., 1984. 

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