Beetle, striped cucumber

Symptoms Southern corn rootworms feed on corn roots, often killing young plants and weakening older ones. Striped cucumber beetle larvae feed on the roots of squash-family plants only, killing or stunting the plants. Adults of both species feed on leaves, stems, flowers, and fruit of squashes and other crops. 

Breaking the life cycles of some other disease organisms is less straightforward. For example, the spores that will cause next season s bacterial wilt of cucumbers survive in the digestive tracts of striped cucumber beetles. To limit the spread of the disease, you must diligently control the beetles. 

Strawberry crown borers, 219-20 Strawberry crown moths, 219-20. Strawberry leafrollers. 218, 219 Strawberry root weevils. 328,328 Heuchera and, 117-18 nematodes and, 457 strawberry and, 220 Strawflower. See Ilelichrysum Streptomyces. 466 Streptomyces avermitilis. 474 Striped blister beetles, 274,429 Striped cucumber beetles. See Cucumber beetles, striped Striped flea beetles. See Flea beetles, striped... 

Two recent examples of isolation are gentisyl quinone isovalerate [185] and a novel p-lactone, vittatalactone [(3R,4R)-3-methyl-4-(l,3,5,7-tetramethyloctyl)oxetan-2-one [118]. The fornier is a female sexual pheromone which was isolated from the German cockroach Blattella germanica), and the latter is an aggregation pheromone which was isolated from collections of airborne volatile compounds from feeding male striped cucumber beetles, Acalymma vittatum. 

Many arthropod pheromones are of putative polyketide origin, which are discussed in greater detail in Chapter 4.04. One noteworthy example is the novel 2,3-disubstituted /3-lactone, vittatalactone (73), recently characterized as a suspected male-produced aggregation pheromone for the striped cucumber beetle, Acalymma vittatum Vittatalactone is the first /3-lactone to be isolated from a beetle, and is only the third such structure to be characterized from an insect (Figure 24). 

Figure 24 Vittatalactone (73) from the striped cucumber beetle, Acalymma vittatum.

A series of acetate-derived compounds have been reported from plants of the family Annonaceae (Annona cherimolia, A. muricata, A. squamosa, and oth r Annona species Asim-ina triloba, pawpaw Goniothalamus giganteus , and several Rollinia and Uvaria species) (Fig. 5.20) (Alkofahi et al., 1989 Lieb et al., 1990 Nahrstedt, 1985 Rupprecht et al., 1986). Most of these compounds exhibit potent antimicrobial, antiparasitic, cytotoxic, and antitumor activity (Bories et al., 1991). For example, asimicin (36), from the bark of Asimina triloba, is extremely cytotoxic (ED50 <10 p-/ml with several cell cultures) fractionation of the plant material was monitored by the brine shrimp bioassay (Alkofahi et al., 1989). This compound also is toxic to the striped cucumber beetle, Mexican bean beetle, mosquito larvae, blowfly larvae, melon aphid, two spotted spider mite, and the free-living nematode, Caenorabditis elegans (Rupprecht et al., 1986). 

Reed, D. K., B. Freedman, and T. L. Ladd Jr., Insecticidal and antifeedant activity of neriifolin against codling moth, striped cucumber beetle, and Japanese beetle, J. Econ. Entomol, 75, 1093-1097 (1982). 

Bach, C. E. (1980) Effects of plant density and diversity on the population dynamics of a specialist herbivore, the striped cucumber beetle, Acalymma vittata (Fab.). Ecology, 61, 1515-30. 

Vittatalactone [105] Vittatalactone (192) is a pheromone isolated in 2005 from the striped cucumber beetle Acalymma vittatum [103]. This natural product presents a unique structure bearing a trawi-p-lactone and a deoxypropionate side chain. In 2009, Breit and coworkers assigned both its relative and absolute configurations [104]. 

An enantioselective total synthesis including an HNL-catalyzed step of the pheromone vittatalactone, a novel P-lactone originally isolated from feeding male striped cucumber beetles, Acalymma vittatum was recently published. PaHNL catalyzes with high enantioselectivity (>96% ee) the formation of the (R)-cyanohydrin from crotonaldehyde 9 a key step in the synthesis of one of the two main building blocks 11 (Scheme 28.5). ... 

Morris BD, Smyth RR, Foster SP, Hoffmann MP, Roelofs WL, Franke S, Francke W. Vittatalactone, a p-lactone from the striped cucumber beetle, Acalymma vittatum. J. Nat. Prod 2005 68 26-30. 

Leaves with chewed holes. Cause Cucumber beetles. Adults are / " long, greenish yellow beetles with black stripes or spots. See page 214 for an illustration of the insects and damage. They attack young leaves and should be controlled immediately, as they can spread bacterial wilt or viruses. Treat plants with a commercial pyrethrin spray or dust. Prevent problems by planting cultivars, such as Liberty and Wisconsin SMR58 , that are tolerant of cucumber beetles. 

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