Tiled stove

Ofen-trocknung, /. kiln (or oven or stove) drying. -tlir, -tiire, /. door (esp., the fire door) of a furnace, oven, kiln or stove (Ceram.) wicket, -verkokung, /. coking in ovens, -ziegcl, m. fire brick stove tile, -zug, m. furnace (or oven or kiln) draft, offen, a. open (of sound) hollow clear, clever, frank. — offener Dampf, direct steam, live steam. 

Coarse carihcnwarc/tcrracolla Ornamental, household ceramics, stove tiles, flower pots, garden ceramics, humidifiers... 

Earthenware Ornamental ceramics, ceramic tablew are, tiles, stove tiles... 

Chamotte wane Stove tiles, refractory insulation, refractory bricks, iinshaped refractories... 

The kitchen has an ancient bottled-gas stove, a Formica table with an oil lamp on it and a scatter of jewelry tools and materials, a tiled fireplace laid ready with raw-smelling coal, and a beautiful inlaid Queen Anne wall clock tocking away in the corner, showing the phases of the moon and the movement of the sun through the zodiac. As I head out of the back door and find the privy, a black shadow of a cat with blue eyes slips past my legs and away like warm smoke. 

Most of the world s supply of borax now comes from a gigantic open-pit mine near a California town appropriately named Boron. There are now myriad uses for the material that started its technological life as a gold flux. We use it to make glass for car headlights, enamel for stoves and refrigerators, ceramic tiles, antiseptics, bleach for unbleachables, weed killers, and fertilizers. Thin fibers made from elemental boron reinforce resins destined for aircraft and space-vehicle parts. 

Emissions from fireplaces and stoves have been reported in several studies testing furnaces and wood fuel typical for different areas of the world. Wood smoke emissions typical for central Europe were investigated by Schmidl et al. [22, 23]. In these studies, different common European wood types were analysed to derive chemical profiles of wood combustion emissions for various types of wood. An overview of the fuel wood types used in the Alpine countries is given by Kistler et al. [24]. In the above-mentioned emission studies, wood has been burnt in a tiled wood stove [22] and in two automatically and two manually fired appliances [23]. The authors found a high variability for the emissions from small-scale manually fired wood combustion appliances in the performed individual tests. 

For Switzerland particulate emissions from the most common wood burning devices are the following open stoves 100 kg/TJ, tiled stoves 100 kg/TJ and wood chips (<1,000 kW) 90 kg/TJ [63, 30]). Further detailed and device-specific wood emissions are given in the corresponding publications. 

Typical examples of slow heat release appliances are soapstone stoves or tiled stoves (Kachelofen), Slow heat release appliances are widely used in the Alp regions, but also in Scandinavian countries and Finland. They are efficient, easy to operate and are appreciated by their users because of the continuous heat release. These appliances are suitable as the sole heating system for houses and also very appropriate for low energy houses. 

As typical representatives for slow heat release appliances a soapstone stove and a tiled stove were used for the tests. The third type of slow heat release appliance was equipped with an integrated heat exchanger to supply hot water for a central heating system. This appliance was chosen to check the feasibility of the new test method in view of the necessary recording of the heat split between heat released to the room and heat released to the central heating system. 

Type Soapstone appliances Tiled stove (Kachelofen) Appliance with boiler insert ... 

For the tiled stove the direct method resulted in an efficiency of 56.4 %. This in contrast to the indirect one, achieving some 71.7 % efficiency. The reason can be explained as follows The supply of combustion air was closed after completion of the bum cycle (criteria CCh less than 2 vol%), when the heat release still was in progress. The damper in the flue duct thus remained open. This resulted in a substantial heat loss due to leaking air through the flue ducts in the stove. This effect shows the necessity of dampers in the flue duct for efficiency reasons. If there is no air leakage, the results achieved confirm the equivalence of the direct and indirect test methods to determine efficiencies. 

Fig, 5 and Fig. 6 show the heat output curves of the appliances and the weighted surface temperature curves. A very good conformity of these curves can be observed in case of the soapstone stove. Also the curves of the tiled stove are quite conform, although the start peak could not be reproduced with the surface temperature measurements. The heat output peak is a result from convection phenomena at the non-insulated flue duct, which is not detected by the surface temperature method. 

In the following, the measurement techniques and the fundamentals of the numerical modelling studies as well as their application on small scale domestic wood stoves will be described. Furthermore, relevant experimental results and information obtained by the numerical modelling studies as well as a detailed comparison of measured and computed data will be shown by means of an example for a commercially available tile stove heating insert. 

A tile stove heating insert, illustrated by Figure 5, with a thermal capacity of 10 kW, representing the state of the art of wood log combustion systems was selected as a test stove. The firing principle of the stove can be described as "backside downdraft". It consists of two spatially separated, well insulated reaction zones for gasification of the wood fuel and burnout of the combustible gases, respectively. 

Figures Investigated tile stove heating insert, lOkWi/,.

The present work showed the application of different measuring techniques and numerical simulation studies on a selected commercially available tile stove heating insert. For a basic understanding of the combustion process and therefore, for a further improvement of the emission behaviour, gas analysis by means of suction probes, temperature measurements by suction pyrometry as well as velocity measurements by Laser-Doppler Anemometry are carried out within the reaction zones of the stove. 

Let s use the following everyday situation as an example. Through the course of making breakfast, you bring three eggs from the refrigerator over to the stove. Your hands are full and you accidentally drop an egg on the floor, which immediately shatters all over the tile floor. As you clean up the mess you wonder if you had carried the eggs in their cardboard container, would they have broken if dropped Similarly, if dropped would they have broken on a softer surface, for example linoleum ... 

A variant is the tiled stove with a heating insert rtrade from cast iron or metal sheets. Cold room air enters the gap between the metal insert and cerarrric stove body and is heated before retrrming to the room. Unlike the high-mass ceramic stoves, such insert stoves store heat for relatively short periods, providing more flexibility for varying heat demand but less convenience. 

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