Boron naming

In addition to BF4 , other anionic boron complexes, also forming ion-associates with basic dyes, have been applied to determine boron, namely 2,4-dinitro-1,8-naphthalenediol and Brilliant Green (formula 4.26) (toluene, e = 1.0-10 at 637 nm [41 3], 2,6-dihydroxy-benzoic acid, and Malachite Green (chlorobenzene, e = 9.5-10 [5], 2,3-dihydroxy-naphthalene and Crystal Violet (benzene, e = 8.8-10 [44]), mandelic acid, and Malachite Green (benzene, e = 6.5-10 ) [45,46], pyrocatechol derivatives, and Ethyl Violet (toluene, e = 1.05-10 [47,48]. The ion-pair of the salicylate complex of boron with ferroin has also been proposed (CHCI3) [49]. 

Organic ring systems are named by replacement nomenclature. Three- to ten-membered mono-cyclic ring systems containing uncharged boron atoms may be named by the specialist nomenclature for heterocyclic systems. Organic derivatives are named as outlined for substitutive nomenclature. The complexity of boron nomenclature precludes additional details the text by Rigaudy and Klesney should be consulted. 

The names of addition compounds are formed by connecting the names of individual compounds by a dash (—) and indicating the numbers of molecules in the name by Arabic numerals separated by the solidus (diagonal slash). All molecules are cited in order of increasing number those having the same number are cited in alphabetic order. However, boron compounds and water are always cited last and in that order. 

Table 3. Manufacturers and Trade Names of Boron Flame Retardants...

The greatest use of cubic boron nitride is as an abrasive under the name Bora2on, in the form of small crystals, 1—500 p.m in si2e. Usually these crystals are incorporated in abrasive wheels and used to grind hard ferrous and nickel-based alloys, ranging from high speed steel tools and chilled cast-iron to gas turbine parts. The extreme hardness of the crystals and their resistance to attack by air and hot metal make the wheels very durable, and close tolerances can be maintained on the workpieces. 

Heteroboranes, compounds where one or more of the cage borons are replaced by a main group element (33), are not themselves commercially available. However, carborane sdoxanes containing > -carborane [16986-21 -6], C2H22B2Q, are available under the trade name of Dexsd for the stationary phase in gas—Hquid chromotography (qv) (34). The carborane, l,7-dicarba-c/(9j (9-dodecaborane(10) (35), contributes enhanced chemical and thermal stabiHty to the sdoxane polymer. 

By the middle of the nineteenth century more than 60 elements were known with new ones continuing to be discovered. For each of these elements, chemists attempted to determine its atomic weight, density, specific heat, and other properties. The result was a collection of facts, which lacked rational order, Mendeleev noticed that if the elements were arranged by their atomic weights, then valencies and other properties tended to recur periodically. However, there were gaps in the pattern and in a paper of 1871 Mendeleev asserted that these corresponded to elements that existed but had not yet been discovered. He named three of these elements eka-aluminium, eka-boron and eka-silicon and gave detailed descriptions of their properties. The reaction of the scientific world was sceptical. But then in 1874 Lecoq de Boisbaudran found an... 

Mendeleev s real insight was revealed in his 1871 paper in connection with vacant spaces in the periodic table. He gave the provisional names eka-aluminium, eka-boron and eka-silicon [to the elements he expected to fill these gaps], (Ihde, 1964, p. 283)... 

By this time the industry required a more inclusive term to describe RPs, so composite was added. Thus the name in the plastics industry became Reinforced Plastic Composites. More recently they became known only as Composites. However composites identify many other combinations of basic materials (Table 6-18). The fiber reinforcements included higher modulus glasses, carbon, graphite, boron, aramid (strongest fiber in the world, five times as strong as steel on an equal-weight basis), whiskers, and others (Table 6-20 and Figs. 6-13 and 6-14). In... 

The 2 1 reaction of 9-BBN with a series of dicarboxylic acids, namely oxalic acid, malonic acid, 2,2-dimethylmalonic acid, and succinic acid, in dimeth-oxyethane gives in some cases dimeric and in other cases macrocyclic (acyloxy)diorganoboranes. This has been proved by IR spectroscopy (all C = O groups are bidentate), B-NMR 5 = 10 ppm) and X-ray crystallography [47]. With oxalic acid two structures are possible (IV and V), of which the first with a five-membered boron heterocycle instead of a four-membered one is the more probable formulation (Fig. 13). 

Here are the correct names sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, boron trichloride, and bromine pentafluoride. 

Fig. 5) with olivetol (5.2) in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate, BF3 0C(C2H5)2 with CBD as a key intermediate. This one-step synthesis of A9-THC is also used for the production of synthetic dronabinol, which is used in the medicinal application named Marinol. The mechanism of this synthesis is particular described by Razdan et al. [71] and is shown in Fig. 5... 

Crude chloroform-methanol-water (30 60 8, v/v) extracts of immunostainedTLC bands were analyzed without further purification by nanoelectrospray low-energy mass spectrometry. The authors showed that this effective PLC/MS-joined procedure offers a wide range of applications for any carbohydrate-binding agents such as bacterial toxins, plant lectins, and others. Phenyl-boronic acid (PBA) immobilized on stationary support phases can be put to similar applications. This technology, named boronate affinity chromatography (BAC), consists of a chemical reaction of 1,2- and 1,3-diols with the bonded-phase PBA to form a stable... 

In addition to trialkylboranes, various alkoxyboron compounds have prominent roles in synthesis. Some of these, such as catecholboranes (see. p. 340) can be made by hydroboration. Others are made by organometallic or related substitution reactions. Alkoxyboron compounds are usually named as esters. Compounds with one alkoxy group are esters of borinic acids and are called borinates. Compounds with two alkoxy groups are called boronates. Trialkoxyboron compounds are borates. 

The cyclic five- and six-membered boronate esters are used frequently. Their systematic names are 1,3,2-dioxaborolane and 1,3,2-dioxaborinanes, respectively. 

Boron nitride, in view of its unique properties, namely absence of electrical conductivity, oxidation resistance, optical transparency, and high neutron capture cross-section for special applications, offers advantages over other ceramics. Thus, for the... 

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