Starch, modified adipate

Classification Food starch modified Definition Chemically modified and stabilized food starch crosslinked with adipic anhydride and esterified with acetic anhydride Properties Wh. or nearly wh. powd. or gran. flakes, amorphous powd., or coarse particles if pregelatinized... 

Delsette 101. See Adipic acid/epoxypropyl diethylenetriamine copolymer Delta 7393, Delta SD 7393. See Food starch, modified... 

Food starch, modified bodying agent, cosmetics Adipic acid/diethylene glycol/glycerin crosspolymer Arabinogalactan ... 

Adipates are prepared by reacting starch with adipic acid anhydride (mixed with acetic anhydride) in a weakly alkaline medium (Figure 4.10). Besides cross-links, the modified starch... 

Starches have been chemically modified to improve their solution and gelling characteristics for food applications. Common modifications involve the cross linking of the starch chains, formation of esters and ethers, and partial depolymerization. Chemical modifications that have been approved in the United States for food use, involve esterification with acetic anhydride, succinic anhydride, mixed acid anhydrides of acetic and adipic acids, and 1-octenylsuccinic anhydride to give low degrees of substitution (d.s.), such as 0.09 [31]. Phosphate starch esters have been prepared by reaction with phosphorus oxychloride, sodium trimetaphosphate, and sodium tripolyphosphate the maximum phosphate d.s. permitted in the US is 0.002. Starch ethers, approved for food use, have been prepared by reaction with propylene oxide to give hydroxypropyl derivatives [31]. 

The starch content of a natural product or of a man-made product may be required. The latter products might contain modified starches, and a limited number are permitted for food purposes acetate, adipate, succinate, oxidized, hydroxypropyl. For nonfood applications cationic and carboxymethyl starches are in common use. Polarimetric methods, when applied to such modified starches, reveal that calcium chloride dissolution is better than the Ewers method. Even with cross-bonded starches, which are difficult to solubilize, complete dissolution is achieved within 30 min with calcium chloride solution. Recovery, based on a universal optical rotation of 203°, is over 95%. While this application of the method needs further verification, several laboratories in an ISO work group report similar findings. 

AAMSt/St starch microparticles modified with adipic acid/starch... 

The main objective of our studies was to obtain green composites from corn starch matrix and various conventional [73, 76, 77], and non-conventional cellulose sources [78]. Previously, corn starch (St) was converted to starch microparticles (StM). Further, different organic acids (adipic, malic, tartaric) were used for treatment of StM in order to obtain chemically modified starch microparticles (CMSt) according to literature data [72]. After casting and water evaporation, the starch-based films were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy methods. Opacity and water uptake of starch-based films were also evaluated. 

I. Spiridon, C.-A. Teaca, and R. Bodirlau, Preparation and characterization of adipic acid-modified starch microparticles/plasticized starch composite films reinforced by lignin. /. Mater. Sci. 46, 3241-3251 (2011). 

Mariani P.D.S.C., Vinagre Neto A.E, da Silva Jr J.E, Cardoso E.J.B.N., Esposito E., Innocentini-Mei L.H. Mineralization of poly(e-caprolactone)/adipate modified starch blend in agricultural soil, 7 Polym. Environ. 15 (2007) 19. 

The properties of PLA can be modified by polymer blending techniques. PLA has been blended with several synthetic and biopolymers in order to enhance its properties and to obtain novel materials. PLA has been blended with rubbers, thermoplastic starch (TPS), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), poly(butylenes succinate adipate) (PBSA), poly(butylene... 

Bionanocomposites of copolymers of butylene adipate and butylene tereph-thalate, poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate), PBAT, have been reported in the literature [348-350]. For example, Someya et al. [348] prepared bionanocomposites based on poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) and MMT. They used unmodified MMT and OMMT by protonated ammonium cations. They concluded that both morphology and increase in mechanical properties were found to depend on nanoclay loading and organic modifier used. Addition of nanoclays to bionanocomposite blends of PBSA with starch and PLA have also been reported to improve mechanical and thermal properties and biodegradability [349, 350]. 

Blends of biodegradable synthetic aUphatic polyesters and starch are used to produce sheets and films for packaging by film extmsion or blown film methods. Up to 50% of the synthetic polyester can be replaced with starch. A polyester synthesised from the poly-condensation of 1,4-butanediol and a mixture of adipic and succinic acids has been blended with wheat starch by Lim (1999) (Nolan-ITU Pty Ltd, 2002). The blends were found to have melting points near that of the polyester alone. Plasticisers were also added to the starch to improve flexibiUty and processability of the blend. The modified blends were found to retain a high tensile strength and elongation, even at high starch concentrations. 

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