Standard Properties of Plastics

Figure 3.67 through Figure 3.93 illustrate schematically (in simplified form) the bases of some of the standard properties of plastics [33]. Where standard test methods have been developed, these have been included. The principles of the different tests are shown, and the properties measured are indicated. 

Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics. D638-84. American Society for Testing and Materials Philadelphia, 1985, Vol 8.01, p 227. 

D 638-89 Standard Test Methods for Tensile Properties of Plastics... 

ASTM D 4065-95, Standard Practice for Determining and Reporting Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Plastics, ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA, 1997. 

Containers—Performance Testing (671) contains the standards and tests used to determine the functional properties of plastic containers (permeation test for polyethylene and polypropylene containers and the light transmission test). 

Standard testing for tensile properties of plastics Standard testing for tensile properties of rubbers... 

ASTM D 1929-91a Standard Test Method for Ignition Properties of Plastics, 6 pp (DOD Adopted) (FSC 9330) (MR) (Comm D-20)... 

ASTM Designation D638 Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics ASTM Designation D2513 Standard Specification for Thermoplastic Gas Pressure Pipe, Tubing and Fittings ... 

ASTM D 5510 Standard Practice for Heat Aging of Oxidatively Degradable Plastics This practice dehnes the exposure conditions of plastic at various temperatures when exposed solely to hot air for an extended period of time. Any particular property of plastics can be chosen as a readout. Technically, any composite material, shape and profile, can be tested in accordance with this practice. Two methods of oven exposure are recommended in the practice, of which only procedure B is applicable to composite materials because it is intended for specimens having a nominal thickness greater than 0.01 in. Procedure A is recommended for film specimens. 

The measurement of compressive properties of plastics is covered by ISO 604 [44]. Unlike with the tensile test a single document is able to cover a wide range of materials, since test geometries and other conditions tend to be less variable between types of plastic than is the case for tensile testing. Nevertheless, there arc types of materials that the standard does not purport to cover, and these include textile reinforced plastics, cellular materials, and sandwich constructions involving cellular materials. 

In a creep test, the load on the test piece is kept constant, and the dimensional changes that this brings about are monitored as a function of the lime. Internationally, there are two standards available for the evaluation of creep properties of plastics ISO 899-1 [108], which deals with tensile creep, and ISO 899-2 [109] (formerly ISO 6602), which deals with flexural creep. In both of these standards the initial stress, i.e., the stress based on the original (unloaded) dimensions of the test piece is assumed (as it is for the corresponding short-term tensile and flexural strength tests), and the strain is similarly defined as for the short-term strength tests, except, of course, that in this case, it is the strain as a function of time that is of paramount interest (Fig. 22a). The term creep strain is used to differentiate this type of strain from the short-term strain induced by classical tensile and flexural tests. The modulus is defined as the ratio of the initial stress to the creep strain and is referred to as the "creep modulus." Since the stress is constant and the strain increases with time, it follows that the creep modulus decreases as lime increases. Other properties of interest when conducting creep tests arc... 

ASTM D638 Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics is used to determine the tensile properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and testing machine speed. Specimens are dumbbell-shaped and can be of any thickness up to 14 mm. However, test Method D8 82 is the preferred test method for testing films... 

ASTM D 638 (2010) Standard test method for tensile properties of plastics... 

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