Ignition properties

As noted, deep-well-injected wastes are relatively dilute. Therefore, ignitability is not a significant consideration in deep-well injection, although in a concentrated form, individual compounds may exhibit this property. Ignitability has no further implications for the fate of deep-well-injected waste. 

Properties Ignition value 15 on cetane-a-methylna-phthalene scale. 

Fortunately, numerical modeling despite its many limitations associated with grid resolution, choice of turbulence model, or assignment of boundary conditions is not intrinsically limited by similitude or scale constraints. Thus, in principle, it should be possible to numerically simulate all aspects of fires within canopies for which realistic models exist for combustion, radiation, fluid properties, ignition sources, pyrolysis, etc. In addition it should be possible to examine all interactions of fire properties individually, sequentially and combined to evaluate nonlinear effects. Thus, computational fluid dynamics may well provide a greater understanding of the behavior of small, medium, and mass fires in the future. 

There are two types of regulated hazardous waste characteristic wastes and fisted wastes. A sohd waste is classified as a characteristic hazardous waste if it exhibits atty of the following properties ignitability, corrosivity, toxicity, or reactivity. A solid waste is a listed hazardous waste if it is specifically listed by the EPA or a state regulatory body based on established criteria (40 CFR 261.11). 

Properties Ignition at 1000°C produced a-AIjO,. The lower the temperature, the stronger the gibbsite lines [250]. 

If a waste cannot be found on one of the RCRA lists, this does not mean it is not hazardous. Unlisted waste must still be tested to determine if it has certain properties or characteristics that render it hazardous. A waste is hazardous if it has one or more of the following properties ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity. 

Table Ic Typical Properties (ignition resistant grades)...

Kaolin Polyacrylates Aminosilane Improved mechanical properties Ignition wires... 

Product characterization aims at defining their end-use properties by means of conventional standard measurements related as well as possible — and in any case, being the object of a large consensus— to end-use properties. We cite for example that octane numbers are supposed to represent the resistance of gasoline to knocking in ignition engines. 

This can be extracted from impure phosphine prepared by the action of sodium hydroxide on phosphorus. Unlike hydrazine, it has no basic properties. It is a powerful reducing agent and burns spontaneously in air, this reaction explaining why impure phosphine containing traces of diphosphane ignites spontaneously in air. 

It is usually advisable to carry out the ignition test first. This will provide useful information as to the general properties of the compound and, in particular, the residue may be employed for the detection of any inorganic elements which may be present. 

The 2-imino-4-thiazolines may be used as ultraviolet-light stabilizers of polyolefin compositions (1026). 2-Aminothiazole improves adhesive properties of wood to wood glue (271). Cbmpound 428 exhibits antioxidant properties (Scheme 242) (1027). Ammonium N-(2-thiazolyl)dithio-carbamate (429) is a bactericide and fungicide used in industrial products such as lumber, paint, plastics, and textiles (1037). Compound 430 is reported (1038) to form an excellent volume of foam coating in aluminum pans when ignited with propane. 

When dispersed as a dust, adipic acid is subject to normal dust explosion hazards. See Table 3 for ignition properties of such dust—air mixtures. The material is an irritant, especially upon contact with the mucous membranes. Thus protective goggles or face shields should be worn when handling the material. Prolonged contact with the skin should also be avoided. Eye wash fountains, showers, and washing faciUties should be provided in work areas. However, MSDS Sheet400 (5) reports that no acute or chronic effects have been observed. 

The most important polyhydric alcohols are shown in Figure 1. Each is a white soHd, ranging from the crystalline pentaerythritols to the waxy trimethylol alkyls. The trihydric alcohols are very soluble in water, as is ditrimethylol-propane. Pentaerythritol is moderately soluble and dipentaerythritol and tripen taerythritol are less soluble. Table 1 Hsts the physical properties of these alcohols. Pentaerythritol and trimethyl olpropane have no known toxic or irritating effects (1,2). Finely powdered pentaerythritol, however, may form explosive dust clouds at concentrations above 30 g/m in air. The minimum ignition temperature is 450°C (3). 

Piezoelectric and Electrostrictive Device Applications. Devices made from ferroelectric materials utilizing their piezoelectric or electrostrictive properties range from gas igniters to ultrasonic cleaners (or welders) (72). 

Thermal Properties. Fibers are not thermoplastic and stable to temperatures below 150°C, with the possible exception of slight yellowing. They begin to lose strength gradually above 170°C, and decompose more rapidly above 300°C. They ignite at 420°C and have a heat of combustion of 14,732 J/g (3.5 kcal/g). 

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