Stacking and Storage

Adequate facilities should be provided for the stacking and storage of materials, spares, equipment, and other items. One of the weakest areas in bnsiness order is stacking and storage. Stacking should be neat, stable, and controlled, and no unsafe stacks should be tolerated. Stacking should only occur in anthorized areas and places. 

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Elements to control the environment include housekeeping, lighting, electrical safety, stacking and storage, ventilation, lifting gear safety, demarcation, machine... 

Housekeeping Lighting Electrical safety Stacking and storage Ventilation Safety inspections Lifting gear safety Demarcation of walkways Machine guarding Hazardous substance control... 

Personnel are protected in working with tritium primarily by containment of all active material. Containment devices such as process lines and storage media are normally placed in well-ventilated secondary enclosures (hoods or process rooms). The ventilating air is monitored and released through tall stacks environmental tritium is limited to safe levels by atmospheric dilution of the stack effluent. Tritium can be efficiently removed from air streams by catalytic oxidation followed by water adsorption on a microporous soHd absorbent (80) (see Absorption). 

Equipment for Hazardous-Wastes Collection The eqmp-ment used for collection varies with the characteristics of the wastes. For short-haul distances, drum storage and collecdion with an enclosed trailer are often preferred methods. Full-size drums are usually shipped four to a pallet. Smaller sizes are stacked and/or wrapped up to 10 per pallet. As hauling distances increase, larger tank trucks, trailers, and railroad tank cars are used. 

Storage requirements Suitable siting Adequate capacity and construction Designed to hold spillage Properly lit and ventilated Fire- and frost-resistant Designed so that containers can be safely stacked and moved Clearly marked Kept locked except when in use... 

Whereas the drive train of the standard combustion engine comprises many individual, diverse components, these are reduced in fuel-cell propulsion systems to a few expensive components. The decision on the production location of the important system components (i.e., fuel-cell stack, hydrogen storage, reformer and electric motor) will, therefore, be vital for the regional supplier structure. 

One spare electrochemical cell stack is installed in the primary anolyte circuit. Manual intervention is required to connect the spare cell stack and disconnect a faulty cell stack. Five spare cell stacks are kept in storage, allowing replacement of all primary or secondary electrochemical cell stacks (but not both at once) in the case of common-mode failure, e.g., severe blockage. The inventory of spare cell stacks was not deemed necessary to cover common-mode failure of both primary and polishing (secondary) electrochemical cells, because their anolyte circuits are separate and the catholyte circuit is much less likely to be the source of failure (AEA, 2001a). 

Figure 25. (A) Comparison of the energy storage capability of fuel cells and batteries. Only after several refueling operations are fuel cells more efficient energy storage devices on a Wh/L and Wh/kg basis. (B) Fuel cells have a set volume and weight for the fuel cell stack and peripherals to supply the reactants to the stack. The small incremental fuel volume to continue operation supplying energy makes them more efficient for longer operations.

The critical technology development areas are advanced materials, manufacturing techniques, and other advancements that will lower costs, increase durability, and improve reliability and performance for all fuel cell systems and applications. These activities need to address not only core fuel cell stack issues but also balance of plant (BOP) subsystems such as fuel processors hydrogen production, delivery, and storage power electronics sensors and controls air handling equipment and heat exchangers. Research and development areas include ... 

Dunnage should be used to secure the stacks and its minimum height should be 10cm. which protects the ammunition boxes from dampness, termite infestation and allows proper aeration of the packages in order to ensure long storage life. 

Former practice was to stoic pulpwood receipts in either a debarked or unbarked condition in stacks or random piles in the wood yard and to reclaim the yard wood for processing into chips just a few hours in advance of chip needs at the digester. A common practice today is to convert the wood into chips immediately after pulpwood receipt and to place the chips, usually by belt or air conveyance, in chip piles built up on concrete or asphalt pads. Separate piles are provided for softwood and hardwood chips, and storage capacities of 40,000 cords or greater can be maintained. 

The next machine on the line is the packer, which collates the bottles into the required sales unit (often 12 or 24 bottles). Sales units are generally shrink-wrapped trays, cardboard cartons or crates for returnable bottles. These are stacked on pallets for ease of distribution and storage. 

Unfortunately, it is difficult in the laboratory or even under pilot plant conditions to obtain large supplies of natural waters. Hauling of water is expensive at best, and the handling, detention, and storage of water in tanks and associated equipment can introduce iron and other metals which are even more troublesome than some of the scaling constituents normally present. Most laboratory and testing work on electric membrane stacks in pilot plants is done with solutions of sodium chloride. Testing with pure solutions of sodium chloride yields only an approximate idea of the true performance of membrane systems. Sometimes attempts are made to synthesize... 

For a smaller silo, with equal storage volume, the volume in the parts of the silo change, the constant part becomes less and the top and bottom parts have an increasing influence as can be seen in Table 4 and Fig. 5. The bottom row shows that due to the stacking and reclaiming angles no part with stationary homogenization efficiency is left. As a re-... 

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