Critical technology for

MATERIALS SCIENCE IS A CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY for America. In 1987 and again in 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce included advanced materials such as ceramics, polymers, advanced composites, and superconductors in a short list (1) of very important emerging technologies. The world market based on these advanced materials was estimated conservatively at 600 million by the year 2000. 

Mahajan, Deformation Behavior of Compound Semiconductors J. P. Hirth, Injection of Dislocations into Strained Multilayer Structures D. Kendall, C. B. Fleddermann, and K. J. Malloy, Critical Technologies for the Micromachining of Silicon... 

Gas-solid and gas-solid-liquid flows are identified in Technology Vision 2020 The Chemical Industry as critical to developing advanced chemical reactors and separations. Solids handling is a critical technology for chemical manufacture. For companies such as DuPont and Dow Chemical Company, more than 50 percent of the products sold are in a solid/particulate form. This consortium was formed to develop technology to accurately model gas-solid transport in industrial applications. 

There are many options for singular or combined uses of various lean tools. These tools are critical technologies for enacting the 4Ps of the TPS. As people are taught and coached in the application of these lean tools through the Toyota Education Model, these tools become familiar and widely used in common practice. 

It is clear that catalysis plays an important role in society today and will be a critical technology for advancing our future. 

Molten-salt-coolant technology is a critical technology for hydrogen production... 

The technology involved makes recirculating systems expensive to constmct and operate. Redundancy in the system, ie, providing backups for all critical components, and automation are important considerations. When a pump fails, for example, the failure must be instantly communicated to the culturist and the culturist must have the abiUty to keep the system operating while the problem is being addressed. Loss of a critical component for even a few minutes can result in the loss of all animals within the system. 

P. M. Norling, "Managing Technology Critical Questions for the Synthetic Rubber Industry," 29th Mnnual Meeting International Institute of Synthetic... 

If the ionic liquid can be recycled and if its lifetime is proven to be long enough, then its initial price is probably not the critical point. In Difasol technology, for example, ionic liquid cost, expressed with respect to the octene produced, is lower than that of the catalyst components. 

Novel copolymerization and alloying technology were predicted to be the critical forces for shaping the devel-... 

Frenier, Wayne E. (Hydrochem Industrial Services). 20 Years of Advances in Technology for Chemically Cleaning Industrial Equipment A Critical Review. Paper 338, presented at the NACE International Corrosion Conference, USA 1998. 

It is easy to conclude that detectors are one of the most critical technologies in astronomy. Thus, for an observatory to take a leading role in astronomical research, it must ensure that it has expertise and adequate resources allocated to this area. 

The small NBS program in chemical engineering should receive substantially greater funding to fulfill critical needs for evaluated data and predictive models. The committee supports NBS plans to focus on data needs in emerging technology areas such as biotechnology and advanced materials. 

Menon, A. K., Critical Requirements for 100 Gb/in. Head Media Interface," ASME Proceedings of the Symposium on Interface Technology Towards 100 Gbit/in., Orlando, FL, 1999, pp. 1-9. 

SC Esener, D Hartmann, MJ Heller, JM Cable. DNA-assisted micro-assembly a heterogeneous integration technology for optoelectronics. Proc. SPIE Critical Reviews of Optical Science and Technology, Heterogeneous Integration, San Jose, CA, 1998, pp 65-68. 

As is well-known in philosophy, certain feminist critics of science and technology, for example, Keller [27] and Harding [28], have argued that the scientihc community has maintained the status quo in its exclusion of women and women s concerns. To the extent that a person believes that the scientihc community has or has not excluded women, and to the extent that a person believes exclusion is unjust, that person may address the question of computer use favoring the status quo and excluding women. Although there are good reasons to think that the scientihc community has not been the disaster that certain feminists think it is [29], any researcher should be well aware of the possibility of exclusion not only for the effect on scientihc validity but also for the moral questions exclusion raises. 

The FCCSET Committee on Industry and Technology, which I chaired, undertook to inventory what the Federal Government was doing in a variety of critical technology areas. Materials science is obviously one of these areas. In fiscal year 1991—1992 the Federal Government funded 1.66 billion in materials R D. That figure has remained fairly constant since approximately 1976. Materials now account for about 2.3% of the federal R D expenditures. 

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