Spray treatment

The male Mediterranean fmit fly Ceratitis capitata is similarly attracted to the terpenoid a-copaene [3856-25-5] (176) from the oil oiA.ngelica archangelica and this and the parakairomone tert-huty 2-methyl-4-chlorocyclohexanoate (trimedlure [12002-53-8]) are very extensively employed in monitoring for infestations of this destmctive pest. The female apple maggot fly Jiagoktispomonella is attracted to the apple volatile butyl hexanoate, which is used to bait sticky red spheres to monitor populations and time spray treatments. 

Spray schedules applied on experimental plots at the Yakima, Wash., and Vincennes, Ind., laboratories of the United States Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine were studied to determine the magnitude of parathion and DDT spray residues at harvest. The parathion sprays were prepared from 25% vet table powder and the DDT sprays from 50% wettable powder, except in one series of tests, when a 25% DDT wettable powder was used. All spray treatments were planned and made by members of the Division of Fruit Insect Investigations. Conventional hydraulic sprayers were used in this work. 

Moyer, J. W., H. Cole, Jr., and N. L. Lacasse. Suppression of naturally occurring oxidant injury on azalea plants by drench or foliar spray treatment with benzimidazole or oxathin compounds. Plant. Dis. Rep. 58 136-138, 1974. 

Cottony Peach Scale Tests. Studies made on the cottony peach scale were limited, but the results obtained are considered reliable. All of the tests reported here were conducted in 1947 under orchard conditions. A heavily infested peach orchard at Hamlin, N. Y., was used for the experiment. Because the supply of the isoparaffins available was very limited, it was necessary to devise a procedure whereby satisfactory tests could be conducted with only 600 to 1000 ml. of spray mixture per test. Treatment was usually restricted in each test to two carefully selected attached branches 1 to 2 feet in length. A third branch was sprayed at the same time to provide leaves for oil deposit determinations. Treatments were applied on July 18 and 19, 1947. At this time all the eggs produced by the overwintering females had hatched, and the resultant new generation scales had largely moved to the leaves where they occurred on the lower surface along the midrib. A compressed air paint spray gun, operating at 30 pounds pressure, was used to apply the spray treatments. 

Robbins, L., Stadol Nasal Spray — treatment for migraine Headache, 33, 220, 1993. 

Potassium gibberellate (Gibrel, a solution of potassium gibberellate supplied by Merck Co., Inc.) was applied three times (September 17, October 1, and October 15). These spray treatments consisted of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 100 p.p.m. of potassium gibberellate plus an unsprayed check. These plots, as well as all others in the field studies, were kept under observation until the winter mulch was applied in December 1958, and observations were continued in the spring of 1959 when the mulch was removed. 

Peichl P, Griesmacher A, Kumpan W, et al. Clinical outcome of salmon calcitonin nasal spray treatment in postmenopausal women after total hip arthroplasty. Gerontology. 2005 51 242-252. 

The beef samples were then hung vertically on stainless steel hooks attached to a motorized track that pulled the beef samples through a model spray cabinet (Kansas State University, Food Safety Laboratory) while spray treatments were applied. Treatments with either the silver compositions of this invention or deionized water were applied to the beef at 20 psi from a distance of 13 cm in the model pressure rinse cabinet for 20 seconds. The spray nozzle (BETE NF0580 303) delivered approximately 20 ml of solution to the surface of the beef sample. The temperature of solutions and treatment application room was approximately 14° C. After treatment, duplicate 3.5 cm2 core samples were randomly drawn from the lateral surface of the beef sample at 0, 20, 60 and 240 minutes. Samples were cultivated and enumerated on selective differential and... 

Ferreira, G.A.L. Seiber, J.N. Volatilization of three N-methylcarbamate insecticides from rice plants following root-soak systemic and foliage spray treatments. 

Brush and spray treatments usually give only limited protection because the penetration or depth of capillary absorption is slight. Dip treatments give slightly better protection. Organic chemicals dissolved in clear petroleum solvents often are applied to window sash and similar products by a dip treatment of 1-3 min. 

US Environmental Protection Agency (E.P.A.). In all cases, apartment complexes were selected that harbored a sizable population of Blattella germanica and in which full cooperation of owner and tenants for a lengthy treatment and observation schedule could be secured. Uniform treatments were applied in all units of a complex (4-6 units). The treatments were generally 0.6 % or 1.2Z hydroprene total release aerosol foggers, often combined with simultaneous spray treatment of cracks and crevices with a conventional insecticide. 

Table II. The Increase in Ascorbic Acid Content of Pinto Bean Leaves Following Spray Treatment...

It looks as though the foliar spray treatment of P4 was very effective. 

The soil dissipation rate of PBO was measured at three sites in the USA following spray treatment of Pyrenone (pyrelhrum (0,461b acre ) + PBO (4,61b acre )) (Hatterman, 1994a). The half-life of PBO in the 0-6 inches soil horizon was a maximum of 4.3 days and residues reached nondetectable levels after a maximum of 30 days. No residues above the limit of determination were delected at lower soil depths up to 36 inches (90 cm. ... 

Space spray treatments have their limitations in that they will only control insects present at time of treatment and the insecticide will not penetrate deeply into cracks and crevices where many insects live. Consequently, frequent treat -ments are necessary for reliable control. Also, although insecticide will be deposited from space sprays onto horizontal surfaces and have some immediate effect, this will not he adequate to function as a residual insecticide. As a general hygiene precaution all food materials or surfaces upon which food will be handled are liable to deposition and must be covered during spraying. 

Hewlett (1951) examined the specific synergistic activity of pyrethrin films in relation to stored products pests and the most cost-effective ratios. During these ex peri me ms it was found that although PBO alone in Shell oil P31 sprays had no effect on T. castnneum as a direct spray treatment, it did when applied as a thin film-... 

Acetic, citric, lactic, and tartaric acids and their salts (potassium sorbate, potassium or sodium benzoate, sodium propionate, sodium acetate or diacetate, and sodium lactate) have been tested and approved as dipping or spraying treatments (Geomaras et al., 2005). 

In contrast to the residual spray treatment, the dosage of pesticide applied as a fog is low when flying insects are to be killed. There is generally no intention of providing a residual deposit as the pesticide is deposited virtually only on the top of leaves and other relatively horizontal surfaces. A sequential series of treatments is used if reinfestation occurs. However, the technique has been... 

Vital signs (blood pressure, body weight, pulse) were monitored during the study period at 0 (baseline), 1, 2, and 4h after Oralin or CSII bolus dose or placebo spray treatments. All subjects received the following treatments in a completely randomized fashion, at 3-14 days apart... 

Methoxycarbonylamino)phenyl (N-methyl-N-phenyl)carbamate (SN 40454, 18) is a broad-spectrum pre- and postemergence herbicide effective primarily against broad-leaved weeds. Used preemergence at a rate of 2-4 kg active ingredient/ha, it is selective in peanut, cotton and soybean. In postemergence application at a rate of l.S active ingredient/ha it is effective for directed spray treatment in cotton and soybean. 

Moisture ratios of the pine core after preservation are much higher than those of the oak core. This contrast may point to differences in wood qualities of the oak and pine pieces. The maximum water contents of the two pieces of wood are deduced from the core samples taken at the beginning of the preservation. This investigation revealed that the maximum water contents of the surface layers of the oak and pine pieces are 200 and 240%, respectively. The layers beneath the surface layers have 150% maximum water ratios in both cases. The next question to be considered is whether the differences in preservation results depend upon the method of treatment used. To get some spray-treated material for comparison, the orlop deck of the Wasa was chosen because the sternmost third of that deck is made of oak and the other two thirds are made of pine planks. The PEG and HgO ratios of the cores from the two different parts of that deck after the automatic spray treatment was stopped (samples 33 and 34) were compared. 

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