Spermaceti

C12H24O, CH3 [CH,]io COOH. Needles, m.p. 44 C, b.p. 225"C/I00mm. A fatty acid occurring as glycerides in milk, spermaceti, laurel oil, coconut oil, palm oil and other vegetable oils. The metal salts are widely used. 

Organic sulfur compounds such as sulfurized spermaceti oil, terpene sulfides, and aromatic disulfides have been used. Encumbered phenols such as di-tertiary-butylphenols and amines of the phenyl-alphanaphthylamine type are effective stopping the kinetic oxidation chain by creating stable radicals. 

Spermaceti is a wax obtained from the sperm whale It contains among other materials an ester known as cetyl palmitate which is used as an emollient in a number of soaps and cosmetics The systematic name for cetyl palmi tate IS hexadecyl hexadecanoate Write a structural formula for this substance... 

For centuries, the honeycomb of bees, ie, beeswax, was the material commonly referred to as wax. Substances having typical wax characteristics have traditionally come from iasects, eg, beeswax from vegetables, eg, camauba and from animal, eg, spermaceti, origins (1). Waxes from mineral and synthetic sources have been developed both as substitutes for waxes from traditional sources and for new appHcations. Waxes from minerals and synthetic sources now surpass waxes from traditional sources ia toimage and commercial importance. 

Spermaceti. Spermaceti [8002-23-1] is derived from the head oil of the sperm whale. Owing to the present status of the sperm whale as an endangered species, however, the material is no longer an item of commerce and has been replaced by other natural and synthetic waxes. 

Fig. 2. Flow diagram of ternary wax mixtures of (A) Comeflus paraffin 124, 91.2% flow (B) Ross ceresin, 1573/1 85.7% flow and (C) Stevenson spermaceti, 0.2% flow, at 37°C. Numbers in the diagram represent percent flow the dotted area shows where the waxes are not soluble in each other in the...

Table 4 Hsts flow properties of a set of impression waxes the exact compositions of which are trade secrets. The materials that have been identified in the compositions are paraffin, ceresin, vegetable waxes, rosin, mastic gum, and spermaceti.

Spermaceti is a wax obtained from the sperm whale. It contains. 

Palmitic Acid.—This acid, together with steanc and oleic-acids, in the form of the glycerides, are the chief constituents of fats. Palmitin (glyceride of palmitic acid) is also found in certain x egetable oils like palm and olive oil. The acid occurs also as the cetyl ester in spermaceti and as the myricyl ester in bees-wax. It may be obtained from oleic acid by fusion with potash,... 

Methyl oxalate (p. loi) Cet l palmitate (Spermaceti). .. Myricyl palmitate (Bees... 

Moby Dick and Spermaceti A Valuable Wax from Whale Oil... 

When oil from the head of the sperm whale is cooled, spermaceti, a translucent wax with a white, pearly luster, crystallizes from the mixture. Spermaceti, which makes up 11% of whale oil, is composed mainly of the wax cetyl pabnitate ... 

Spermaceti and cetyl palmitate have been widely used in the making of cosmetics, fragrant soaps, and candles. 

In the literary classic Moby Diek, Herman Melville describes Ishmael s impressions of spermaceti, when he muses that the waxes discharged all their opulence, like fully ripe grapes their wine as I snuffed that uncontaminated aroma—literally and truly, like the smell of spring violets. ... 

Spermaceti, a fragrant substance from sperm whales, was much used in cosmetics until it was banned in 1976 to protect the whales from extinction. Chemically, spermaceti is cetyl palmitate, the ester of cetyl alcohol (u-ClrtH33OH) with palmitic acid. Draw its structure. 

Insol in w, ale and acids sol in benz, chlf, eth, ligr, turpentine, CS2 oils miscible when melted with wax, spermaceti fats (Refs 8 9)... 

The reaction of olefin sulfation and its possibilities has been extensively studied [3-10] and it was used to produce alcohol sulfates. Dry distillation of spermaceti gives palmitic acid and cetene-1, which can be sulfated with sulfuric acid to give cetyl-2 sulfate [11]. Other surfactants were obtained from olefins produced from natural substances, such as alcohol sulfates by sulfation of olefins from decarboxylation of oleic acid [12], by sulfation of olefins made by dehydrating hydroabietyl alcohol, by direct sulfation of abietyl alcohol [13,14], or by sulfation of natural terpenes [15]. 

Laurie 12 Spermaceti, cinnamon, palm kernel, coconut oils, laurels, butter... 

Melt the PG 4000 and add the liquid PG 400. Cool with stirring until congealed. Y. Cream base, w/o (rose water ointment, NF 14) Oleaginous phase Spermaceti 12.5%... 

Spermaceti 43—47 Head cavity of sperm whale Making candles, leather and textiles dressing... 

Waxes Beeswax, spermaceti, Chinese wax, lanolin (animal waxes) carnauba, candelilla, Japan wax, esparto (vegetable waxes) paraffin, ozokerite (fossil waxes) Paint binders, coatings, sealants, writing tablets, ingredients of cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations, sculptures... 

Spermaceti Extracted from head cavities of sperm whales Even numbered esters (C26 C36)... 

Figure 4.6 (a) Mass spectrum of beeswax obtained by Dl El MS on a GCQ Finnigan device equipped with an ion trap analyser. Adapted from Regert and Rolando, 2002. (b) Mass spectrum of spermaceti obtained by Dl El MS on a Shimadzu QP 2010 mass spectrometer equipped with a quadrupole... 

The GALDI-MS measurements covered a selection of natural ester waxes, both from animal (beeswax, shellac wax, spermaceti) and vegetable sources (candelilla, cane, carnauba, cotton fibre, esparto, ouricouri). Generally, the waxes were readily distinguishable by their characteristic distribution of molecular masses. In some cases, markers could be identified on the basis of literature data. 

Other waxes have not been studied to the same extent as beeswax. They derive from a variety of plant, animal and also mineral sources, as described in Chapter 1, where more detailed information on their chemical composition is reported. HTGC/MS analysis after solvent extraction has been successfully used to identify spermaceti, candellila and Japan waxes which have been used in the manufacture of works of art [37]. In particular, in the case of spermaceti wax it has been possible to understand the structure of the various isomers of even-numbered esters ranging from C26 to C34, as well as odd-numbered esters detected in low amounts. The mass spectra obtained demonstrated for the first time that spermaceti esters are mainly composed of hexade-canol and octadecanol moieties associated with a range of FAs containing 10 20 carbon atoms. 

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