Specifications Special tests

Specifications for the principal LPG products are summarized in Table 4. Detailed specifications and test methods for LPG are pubHshed by the Gas Processor s Association (GPA) (3) and ASTM (4). The ASTM specification for special-duty propane and GPA specification for propane HD-5 apply to propane that is intended primarily for engine fuel. Because most domestic U.S. LPG is handled through copper tubing, which could fail if corroded, all products must pass the copper strip corrosion test. A test value of No. 1 represents a LPG noncorrosive to the copper. 

Overall, the test methods pubhshed by INDA (Table 4) continue to be the general tests used to characterize fabrics however, specific market apphcations often generate special test procedures to fiilfill unique needs. 

Special Tests. Even though the American Society for Testing and Materials offers a wide range of test methods, there are other special tests that are imposed upon the manufacturer by consumers, the military, the U.S. Government, and ia some cases local or municipal governments. These tests are generally very specific and are oriented toward particular service conditions. In many iastances, the producers develop special tests within thek laboratories to solve customer problems or predict product or production performance. Many of these tests subsequentiy are adopted by ASTM. 

Part AM This part lists permitted individual constnic tion materials, apphcable specifications, special requirements, design stress-intensity vafues, and other property information. Of particular importance are the ultrasonic-test and tou ness requirements. Among the properties for which data are included are thermal conduc tivity and diffusivity, coefficient of theiTnal expansion, modulus of elasticity, and yield strength. The design stress-intensity values include a safety factor of 3 on ultimate strength at temperature or 1.5 on yield strength at temperature. 

Statistical Methods for Nonelectronic Reliability, Reliability Specifications, Special Application Methods for Reliability Prediction Part Failure Characteristics, and Reliability Demonstration Tests. Data is located in section 5.0 on Part Failure Characteristics. This section describes the results of the statistical analyses of failure data from more than 250 distinct nonelectronic parts collected from recent commercial and military projects. This data was collected in-house (from operations and maintenance reports) and from industry wide sources. Tables, alphabetized by part class/ part type, are presented for easy reference to part failure rates assuminng that the part lives are exponentially distributed (as in previous editions of this notebook, the majority of data available included total operating time, and total number of failures only). For parts for which the actual life times for each part under test were included in the database, further tables are presented which describe the results of testing the fit of the exponential and Weibull distributions. 

Complete manufacturing and control instructions, sampling and testing procedures, specifications, special notations, and precautions to be followed. 

Specific explosibility tests are discussed in this section. It is emphasized that detonation tests in particular and a number of deflagration tests are of the type that must be run by experts in specialized facilities. 

Some statistical tests are specific for evaluation of normality (log-normality, etc., normality of a transformed variable, etc.), while other tests are more broadly applicable. The most popular test of normality appears to be the Shapiro-Wilk test. Specialized tests of normality include outlier tests and tests for nonnormal skewness and nonnormal kurtosis. A chi-square test was formerly the conventional approach, but that approach may now be out of date. 

Once this has been done, one can proceed to actual product testing utilizing these parameters and their specifications to validate that the process will produce acceptable product. The testing can be conducted on samples during the manufacture (in-process tests) or on the finished product (finished product tests). Each product may have its own idiosyncrasies requiring special tests, but generally the in-process and finished product tests that would be required for all solid dosage forms in process validation are as follows. 

The guidelines contained within this chapter should be considered as part of a comprehensive validation program for solid oral dosage forms. The unique formulation or process characteristics of a particular product and the equipment available to manufacture that product may dictate the need for a specialized validation program. As such, the multidisciplinary validation team must identify the product and process characteristics that must be studied and incorporate specific validation tests to ensure that that product will meet all quality, manufacturing, and regulatory requirements. 

Special test 1. Add iron (II) sulfate, shake, and then add concentrated sulfuric acid produces brown ring 2. White precipitate is formed upon addition of nitron reagent (C20H16N4) test is not specific to only nitrates, however see table of precipitation reagents... 

A special POC food intolerance test (antigen-specific IgG test) has been prepared to account for an increasing incidence of food intolerance implied in different disease states. It can detect a total of 57 different antibodies. There are possibilities to analyze more than 150 different components or antigens from about 20 pL of sample using a biochip-based allergy test (ImmunoCAP IS AC) (Samson, 2001 Duran-Tauleria et al., 2004 Lidholm et al., 2006). 

The content of networks specification and test protocols will depend on the complexity of the system. For small systems it may be possible to incorporate the design of the network as a special section within the Systems Functional Specification, and similarly incorporate the network test cases as a special section within the systems. Operational Qualification Supplier audits for network hardware and software components are not usually necessary as these are normally industry standard. Further discussion in regard to supplier audits can be found in Chapter 7. 

The IP monographs consist of the drug name, description, identification, rational values, and purity, as well as special tests if any, tests for preparation, and assay. No specifications are given in the JP 13 under monographs for antibiotics, biologies, and radiopharmaceuticals. Howerer, they may be found in Requirements for Antibiotic Products of Japan 1993 (formerly the Japanese Minimum Requirements of Antibiotic Products) and other corresponding compendia. 

Table 4.1 lists a number of toxicity tests currently available from a variety of standard sources. This table is not inclusive since there are more specialized tests for specific location or situations. Many more methods exist, some of which are derivatives of basic toxicity tests. More important than memorization of each test procedure is a good understanding of the general thrust of the various toxicity tests, methods of data analysis, and experimental design. 

Other Tests specialized tests performed when a specific diagnosis is considered. 

Quality requirements (e g., mechanical test results, chemical composition, special tests beyond those required in the specification and requiring the support of formal documentation)... 

Startup expenses. These include a living allowance for the startup team, special tests and test equipment, and computer costs until the process is producing specification product. Estimate as 8 to 10% of the TM cost. Operator training is 0 to 4% of M. The total startup expense is 15 to 40% of M. 

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