SPECIFIC STRAIN INFORMATION

002001 What is your laboratory strain number or designa- 

The strain is the Monotype Strain of the Species. (The original description of the species was based on a single strain, and the author did not designate it as the holotype). 

The strain is the Lectotype Strain of the Species. (No holotype was designated in the original publication, and the strain is 1 of those originally used in establishing the species name. It has subsequently been designated by the original, or other, author as the type). 

The strain is designated as the Neotype Strain of the Species. (The strain has been proposed and accepted as the valid type strain of this species, because none of the strains on which the original description of the species was based, are extant). The strain is being considered as a lectotype or holotype strain of the species prior to aceptance, but has no official standing. (Proposed working types are included in this category). 

The strain is the Holotype Strain of the Subspecies. (It is the strain designated by the original author, when the name of the subspecies was first published). 

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Whereas Section 1 (entered on CSSC-l-GI) asks for certain necessary and optional general information. Section 2 is designed to elicit specific strain information. 

Different types of microorganisms are involved in food production, and some of the strains used are modified by the producer. At every production step there is the risk that contamination of the desired strains with unwelcome strains will occur, which can lead to a loss in production or a health risk for customers. Examples are contamination with Listeria strains in raw milk products and contamination of soft drinks or milk products with toxic E. coli strains. Information about specific positive quahties of modified strains is restricted almost entkely to the food producer and therefore will not be controlled through food inspection. 

Since the EFG is a very sensitive function of the molecular and crystal structure, the resonance frequencies and band shapes are specific to each compound, and NQR data can be used for determining unambiguous sample identification, local electronic structure, atomic arrangement, order/disorder phenomena, and crystal phase transformations. In addition, molecular dynamics in the solid state can be studied. Furthermore, since NQR data are sensitive to changes in temperature and pressure, there is the possibility of obtaining strain information. 

The relaxation and creep experiments that were described in the preceding sections are known as transient experiments. They begin, run their course, and end. A different experimental approach, called a dynamic experiment, involves stresses and strains that vary periodically. Our concern will be with sinusoidal oscillations of frequency v in cycles per second (Hz) or co in radians per second. Remember that there are 2ir radians in a full cycle, so co = 2nv. The reciprocal of CO gives the period of the oscillation and defines the time scale of the experiment. In connection with the relaxation and creep experiments, we observed that the maximum viscoelastic effect was observed when the time scale of the experiment is close to r. At a fixed temperature and for a specific sample, r or the spectrum of r values is fixed. If it does not correspond to the time scale of a transient experiment, we will lose a considerable amount of information about the viscoelastic response of the system. In a dynamic experiment it may... 

Specific Commercial Rotational Viscometers. Information on selected commercial rotational viscometers can be found ia Table 7. The ATS RheoSystems Stresstech rheometer is an iastmment that combines controlled stress as well as controlled strain (shear rate) and oscillatory measurements. It has a torque range of 10 to 50 mN-m, an angular velocity range of 0 to 300 rad/s, and a frequency range of seven decades. Operation and temperature programming (—30 to 150°C higher temperatures optional) are computer controlled. 

Spec. Sheet Specification Sheet. Detailed information of a product including, tests, color, odor, specific gravity, bacterial strains, other major ingredients, etc. 

At low strains there is an elastic region whereas at high strains there is a nonlinear relationship between stress and strain and there is a permanent element to the strain. In the absence of any specific information for a particular plastic, design strains should normally be limited to 1%. Lower values ( 0.5%) are recommended for the more brittle thermoplastics such as acrylic, polystyrene and values of 0.2-0.3% should be used for thermosets. 

The modulus term in this equation can be obtained in the same way as in the previous example. However, the difference in this case is the term V. For elastic materials this is called Poissons Ratio and is the ratio of the transverse strain to the axial strain (See Appendix C). For any particular metal this is a constant, generally in the range 0.28 to 0.35. For plastics V is not a constant. It is dependent on time, temperature, stress, etc and so it is often given the alternative names of Creep Contraction Ratio or Lateral Strain Ratio. There is very little published information on the creep contraction ratio for plastics but generally it varies from about 0.33 for hard plastics (such as acrylic) to almost 0.5 for elastomers. Some typical values are given in Table 2.1 but do remember that these may change in specific loading situations. 

Specific information about the optimum conditions for the synthesis and the activity of the enzyme has been reported for Pseudomonas fluorescens screening of various micro-organisms resulted in the selection of a P. fluorescens strain with an initial rate of conversion of 3 g P h 1 in an imoptimised state. The following conclusions could be made concerning the production of L-phenylalanine by P. fluorescens ... 

One of the most informative properties of any material is their mechanical behavior specifically the determination of its stress-strain curve in tension (ASTM D 638). This is usually accomplished in a testing machine by measuring continuously the elongation (strain) in a test sample as it is stretched by an... 

Basics Creep data can be very useful to the designer. In the interest of sound design-procedure, the necessary long-term creep information should be obtained on the perspective specific plastic, under the conditions of product usage (Chapter 5, MECHANICAL PROPERTY, Long-Term Stress Relaxation/Creep). In addition to the creep data, a stress-strain diagram under similar conditions should be obtained. The combined information will provide the basis for calculating the predictability of the plastic performance. 

Stress-strain-time data are usually presented as creep curves of strain versus log time. Sets of such curves, seen in Fig. 2-27, can be produced by smoothing and interpolating data on a computer. These data may also be presented in other ways, to facilitate the selection of information to meet specific design requirements. Sections may be taken t... 

It should be noted that test information would vary with specimen thickness, temperature, atmospheric conditions, and different speed of straining force. This test is made at 73.4°F (23°C) and 50% relative humidity. For brittle materials (those that will break below a 5% strain) the thickness, span, and width of the specimen and the speed of crosshead movement are varied to bring about a rate of strain of 0.01 in./in./min. The appropriate specimen size are provided in the test specification. 

Ideally, when considering the level of treatment necessary to achieve sterility a knowledge of the type and total number of miciooiganisms present in a product, together with their likely response to the proposed treatment, is necessary. Without this information, however, it is usually assumed that organisms within the load are no more resistant than the reference spores or than specific resistant product isolates. In the latter case, it must be remembered that resistance may be altered or lost entirely by laboratory subculture and the resistance characteristics of the maintained strain must be regularly checked. 

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