Strain information

A treatment of the analysis of line-shapes to extract particle size, shape and strain information is discussed in detail in Chapter 13. Here we present an overview. 

Prions share the ability to propagate strain information with nucleic acid based pathogens, but it is unclear how they mutate and acquire fitness in the absence of this informational component. Because prion diseases occur as epidemics, understanding this mechanism is of paramount importance for implementing control strategies to limit their spread, and for evaluating their zoonotic potential. While the existence and mutability of strains persuaded early researchers that prion... 

Different types of microorganisms are involved in food production, and some of the strains used are modified by the producer. At every production step there is the risk that contamination of the desired strains with unwelcome strains will occur, which can lead to a loss in production or a health risk for customers. Examples are contamination with Listeria strains in raw milk products and contamination of soft drinks or milk products with toxic E. coli strains. Information about specific positive quahties of modified strains is restricted almost entkely to the food producer and therefore will not be controlled through food inspection. 

Since the EFG is a very sensitive function of the molecular and crystal structure, the resonance frequencies and band shapes are specific to each compound, and NQR data can be used for determining unambiguous sample identification, local electronic structure, atomic arrangement, order/disorder phenomena, and crystal phase transformations. In addition, molecular dynamics in the solid state can be studied. Furthermore, since NQR data are sensitive to changes in temperature and pressure, there is the possibility of obtaining strain information. 

Hutzler, M., Stretz, D., Schneiderbanger, H., MueUer-Auffermann, K., Riedl, R. (2014). Yeast strain information sheets. [OnUne] Research Center Weihenstephan for Brewing and Food Quality, TU Miinchen. Available from http //www.blq-weihenstephan.de/en/ yeast-center/microorganisms.html. 

Reference Systems may be unique to a particular laboratory because antisera, extracts, etc. are prepared in t at laboratory by its own methods and from its own laboratory strains which that laboratory often uses as reference strains. An example of this are DNA or RNA extraction and testing procedures for homology studies. We present here a standardized format that facilitates design of coding data sets to record reference strain information. 

Whereas Section 1 (entered on CSSC-l-GI) asks for certain necessary and optional general information. Section 2 is designed to elicit specific strain information. 

TABLE 3. Xtem numbers and code sheet column positions for selected strain information in RKC1 and RKC2 formats (The full text of the items is given in the follouing document. 

In Section 2. Strain Information, use the special code sheets as follows. Answer Questions 002001 through 002004 and 001997 on CSSC-05. If more than 20 strains are being coded, use additional sheets. Serially number each code sheet used in the space provided (PAGE NUMBER) in the upper left corner. Answer each question in the columns on the code sheets as denoted in parentheses after each question in the text. 

In Chapter 12, properties of germanium nanostructures are reported by K. L. Teo and Z. X. Shen. The authors report on high-pressure Raman studies on germanium nanostructures using diamond anvil cells. They demonstrate that it is possible to obtain strain information on quantum dots and nanocrystals. They also show that their electronic and vibrational properties are indeed different from bulk samples. The results reported in this chapter should help provide a general understanding of the elastic properties of different multi-component nanosystems. 

---