Specialist processing

Step 2 Add extra transport costs (e.g. when work goes to specialist processing plant instead of direct to site) and extra mark-up (the contractor will add a percentage on subcontracted work) where appropriate and where not included in Step 1. 

The team that will develop the enterprise business model is assembled and briefed on the purpose, scope, and framework of the model. The team members may be from various parts of the enterprise, typically including representatives from the key business processes (strategic, core, and resource management). The internal team may be supplemented by outside resources, as necessary (e.g., information specialists, process facilitators, and the like). A skilled project manager is appointed whose role is to ensure that the model-development effort is properly planned and completed on time and within budget. 

The interpretation of radar and infrared is a specialist process usually carried out by the companies who have the equipment and who are hired in to conduct such surveys. 

Are there any specialist processes required (i.e. exposives, HP fluids, etc.) ... 

There are two main different approaches to the design of a parallel program specialist processing and task farm processing. These approaches have many links to the decomposition categories introduced above and both concepts certainly complement each other. 

Specialist processing achieves parallelism by dividing the problem into specific types of tasks. For example, if the problem is to build a piano, then there will be a variety of specialised tasks such as making the keys, strings, case, etc. Once all pieces are complete, the piano is then assembled. Specialist workers are assigned for each task in order to ensure the quality of the components and increase the speed of construction. However, if the objective is to build only one piano, workers may not be able to start working simultaneously because some will have to wait for other colleagues to finish in order to start their job. Conversely,... 

Limited capabilities as the instrument carries out an analog measurement, on-line signal processing of data is almost impossible. All analysis tasks must be done off-line, and cost is increased (equipment, specialists). 

In doing this the problems may arise if one person alone manages several processes, i.e. if his activity embraces a number of functions (as may be especially typical for NDT). It is better if each process is assigned to a specialist responsible for it. For example, persons responsible for the technical state of NDT equipment, for metrological confirmation of NDT facilities, for standards on testing, for NDT results registration, etc. 

Critical to the successtlil completion of this process are the software tools required to store and analyse the inspection and related data. This is a major task and to achieve this OIS has produced, in conjunction with a major specialist technical software provider, the Asset Condition Evaluation Tool (Acet). Acet is a comprehensive suite of programs which draws on the extensive experience of engineers working in this field for many years, to provide a readily usable and highly auditable package for this application. 

George W. Gassman, B.S.M.E., Senior Research Specialist, Final Control Systems, Fisher Controls International, Inc., Marshalltown, Iowa (Section 8, Process Control)... 

Postaudit Process The postaudit process consists of preparation of a draft report, preparation of a final report, development of artion plans, and follow-up. A draft report of the audit findings should be prepared shortly after the completion of the on-site audit. The draft report usually undergoes review and comment by facility personnel involved with the audit, experienced auditors not involved with the subject audit, functional specialists, and attorneys. The review of the draft report is done to assure that a clear, concise, and accurate report is issued, and not to modify or change the findings. Once this review procedure is completed, a final report can be issued and distributed based on a distribution list provided by the facility personnel. The final audit report should be issued in a timely manner and meet the time requirement specified in the audit plan. 

Table A.4, taken from the CCPS Guidelines for Chemical Reactivity Evaluation and Application to Process Design, shows the questions which need to be asked regarding the safety of the proposed reaction, the data required to answer those questions and some selected methods of investigation. The experimental analysis is extremely specialized, and companies should consider outsourcing the tests if they do not have specialists in this area.

Data processing and analysis Data processing specialists... 

Once the highest steam level is set, then intermediate levels must be established. This involves having certain turbines exhaust at intermediate pressures required of lower pressure steam users. These decisions and balances should be done by in-house or contractor personnel having extensive utility experience. People experienced in this work can perform the balances more expeditiously than people with primarily process experience. Utility specialists are experienced in working with boiler manufacturers on the one hand and turbine manufacturers on the other. They have the contacts as well as knowledge of standard procedures and equipment size plateaus to provide commercially workable and optimum systems. At least one company uses a linear program as an aid in steam system optimization. 

Many process engineers think of linear programming (L.P.) as a sophisticated mathematical tool, which is best applied by a few specialists extremely well grounded in theory. This is certainly true for your company s central linear program. The layman does not write a linear program, he only provides input that will model the process in which he is interested. 

This volume contains 50 articles describing analytical techniques for the characterization of solid materials, with emphasis on surfaces, interfaces, thin films, and microanalytical approaches. It is part of the Materials Characterization Series, copublished by Butterworth-Heinemann and Manning. This volume can serve as a stand-alone reference as well as a companion to the other volumes in the Series which deal with individual materials classes. Though authored by professional characterization experts the articles are written to be easily accessible to the materials user, the process engineer, the manager, the student—in short to all those who are not (and probably don t intend to be) experts but who need to understand the potential applications of the techniques to materials problems. Too often, technique descriptions are written for the technique specialist. 

A process development team should be established to manage the development of any new processes. The team may be formed from the project team but you may need additional specialists. If several new processes are to be developed, several teams will be needed. By building a team for each process you will focus the efforts of staff more clearly than loading several new jobs onto the same individuals, but if you lack resources you may have no option. 

In a service environment if there is any equipment upon which the capability of your service depends, this equipment should be maintained. Maintenance may often be subcontracted to specialists but nevertheless needs to be under your control. If you are able to maintain process capability by bringing in spare equipment or using other available equipment, your maintenance procedures can be simple. You merely need to ensure you have an operational spare at all times. Where this is not possible you can still rely on the call-out service if you can be assured that the anticipated downtime will not reduce your capability below that which you have been contracted to maintain. 

For a more detailed exposition, the reader is referred to specialist texts such as those on particle technology (Beddow, 1980 Rhodes, 1990 Rumpf, 1990), theory particulate of processes (Randolph and Larson, 1988) and particle characterization (Allen, 1996 Coulson and Richardson, 1991). 

Filters generally achieve a lower final moisture content than obtained by gravity sedimentation and are often fed from thickeners, as indicated in the schematic particulate process shown in Figure 9.2. In this chapter the principles of slurry filtration will be described and certain simplified filter design equations derived. For more complex derivations the reader is referred to specialist texts e.g. Coulson and Richardson (1991), Wakeman (1990a) and Purchas (1981). 

Composite structures fabrication requires levels and types of expertise for layup and curing that are not typically found in metals fabrication industries. Therefore, a composite structure is more of a specialist-produced structure than is a metallic structure. Layup is a totally different process that is absolutely foreign to metals production technologists. We must somehow get those people into the mainstream of composite structures manufacturing before we will see widespread composite structures production. 

This book will also be of nse to process hazard analysis (PHA) team members and process safety and loss prevention specialists. 

While a multidisciplinary team approach is ideally suited to PSM design and installation, it is not the only way. PSM goals can be achieved through the efforts of a single professional, or a small homogeneous task group (for example, facility managers or safety specialists) the process is essentially the same as described here, but on a smaller, more limited scale. 

The term control panel refers to the instrumentation console in a central control room through which process information is communicated to the process worker and via which the worker changes the state of the process. This category includes display elements such as chart recorders, bar indicators, dials, and modem VDU-based systems together with control elements such as buttons, switches, track balls and mice. The control panel is the human-machine interface (see Chapter 2) that has traditionally received the most attention from human factors specialists. 

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