Specialist producers

Composite structures fabrication requires levels and types of expertise for layup and curing that are not typically found in metals fabrication industries. Therefore, a composite structure is more of a specialist-produced structure than is a metallic structure. Layup is a totally different process that is absolutely foreign to metals production technologists. We must somehow get those people into the mainstream of composite structures manufacturing before we will see widespread composite structures production. 

The Elastogran GmbH subsidiary of BASF is a specialist producer of PU which in its soft, plasticiser-free formulation is a popular material for the handles of electric power tools, laptop computers and mobile phones, because, whilst remaining tough, it is relatively soft to the touch. 

Critical to the successtlil completion of this process are the software tools required to store and analyse the inspection and related data. This is a major task and to achieve this OIS has produced, in conjunction with a major specialist technical software provider, the Asset Condition Evaluation Tool (Acet). Acet is a comprehensive suite of programs which draws on the extensive experience of engineers working in this field for many years, to provide a readily usable and highly auditable package for this application. 

Polyimides and related materials have also been used in a number of specialist applications. Polyimide foams (Skybond by Monsanto) have been used for the sound deadening of jet engines. Polyimide fibres have been produced by Rhone-Poulenc (Kermel) and by Upjohn. 

In this chapter, we will discuss the present status of CHIRBASE and describe the various ways in which two (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) chemical structure queries can be built and submitted to the searching system. In particular, the ability of this information system to locate and display neighboring compounds in which specified molecular fragments or partial structures are attached is one of the most important features because this is precisely the type of query that chemists are inclined to express and interpret the answers. Another aspect of the project has been concerned with the interdisciplinary use of CHIRBASE. We have attempted to produce a series of interactive tools that are designed to help the specialists or novices from different fields who have no particular expertise in chiral chromatography or in searching a chemical database. 

Despite the introduction of new, improved methods of refining it has been necessary to enhance the performance of lubricants by the use of additives, either to reinforce existing qualities or to confer additional properties. Once additives were regarded with some suspicion —an oil that needed an additive was necessarily an inferior oil today they are an accepted feature of lubricants. Almost all quality lubricants on sale today contain one or more additives. An enormous range of additives are available for use in lubricants " , some produced by the oil companies and others provided by specialist manufacturers. Additives are usually named after their particular function, but many additives are multifunctional. Thus, an anti-wear additive may also protect a surface against corrosion. The main types of additives that can enhance the anti-corrosion behaviour of lubricants are listed in Table 2.22. 

Care must be taken here not to confuse acid cleaners with the high-strength, phosphoric acid-based chemical polishes and chemical brighteners, which are used specifically to obtain the surface finish which such materials produce. Also in the category of acid cleaners could be considered the lightweight alkali-metal phosphating cleaner-coater solutions, but a discussion on such materials is best left to specialist publications on metal pretreatment chemicals. 

However, most other types of organizations (such as the millions of commercial, institutional, and industrial buildings and facilities globally) do not produce water or steam as a primary product. Rather, they focus on their own market arenas, with the result that, by and large, they lack adequate skilled water treatment expertise and resources internally. These industries therefore employ water treatment service companies as specialist contractors. 

Some OEMs produce many of the individual components required for their systems totally in-house, although there are also a large number of specialist equipment manufacturers for pressure vessel (PV) housings, high pressure pumps, and the like. World-class membrane manufacturers include Trisep, Koch, Fluid Systems, Hydranautics, Du Pont, Osmonics, and Dow. 

This book provides an insight into the chemistry of colour. It is aimed primarily at students or graduates who have a knowledge of the principles of chemistry, to provide an illustration of how these principles are applied in producing the range of colours which are all around us. In addition, it is anticipated that readers who are specialists in colour science, or have some involvement in an industrial or academic environment with the diverse range of coloured materials, will benefit from the overview of the subject provided. 

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