Soybean isoflavonoids

Keen, N. T., and O. C. Taylor. Ozone injury in soybeans Isoflavonoid accumulation is related to necrosis. Plant Physiol. 55 731-733, 1975. 

Hodgson JM, Croft KD, Puddey IB, Mori TA, Beilin LJ. Soybean isoflavonoids and their metabolic products inhibit in vitro lipoprotein oxidation in serum. J. Nutr. Biochem. 7, 664-669, 1996. 

Morris, P.F., Bone, E., and Tyler, B.M., Chemotropic and contact responses of Phytophthora sojae hyphae to soybean isoflavonoids and artificial substrates. Plant Physiol, 117, 1171, 1998. Zerback, R., Dressier, K., and Hess, D., Flavonoid compounds from pollen and stigma of Petunia hybrida inducers of the vir region of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid. Plant Scl, 62, 83, 1989. 

D Arcy Lameta, A., Jay, M. Study of soybean and lentil root exudates 3. Influence of soybean isoflavonoids on the growth of rhizobia and some rhizosphere microorganisms. Plant Soil 1987 101 269-272. 

Quercetin and other flavonoids are effective inhibitors of 02 -production by cells. Quercetin is a potent inhibitor of human neutrophil degranulation and 02 -production, and also inhibits the phosphorylation of neutrophil proteins accompanying neutrophil activation by phorbol myristate acetate. Quercetin can also suppress lipid peroxidation in several biological systems, such as mitochondria, microsomes, chloro-plasts, and erythrocytes. Silymarin, a 3-OH flavone present in Silybum marianum (the European milk thistle), protects rat liver mitochondria and microsomes from lipid peroxide formation induced by Fe " "-ascorbate and NADPH-Fe -ADP systems. Soybean isoflavonoids have shown antioxidative potency... 

SLAVIN J L, KARR s c, HUTCHINS A M and LAMPE J w (1998) Influence of soybean processing, habitual diet, and soy dose on urinary isoflavonoid excretion. Am J Clin Nutr 68, 1492S-5S. 

NAKAMURA Y, TSUJi s and TONOGAi Y (2000) Determination of the levels of isoflavonoids in soybeans and soy-derived foods and estimation of isoflavonoids in the Japanese daily intake. JAOAC Int. 83 (3) 635-50. 

R. M. Zacharius and E. B. Ralan, Isoflavonoid changes in soybean cell suspensions when challenged with intact bacteria of fungal elicitors. J. Plant Physiol 135 122... 

M. Pamiske, B. Ahiborn, and D. Werner, Isoflavonoid-inducible resistance to the phytoalexin glyceollin in. soybean rhizobia. J. Bacterial 173 2222 (1991). 

D. Morandi, J. A. Bailey, and V. Gianinazzi-Pearson, Isoflavonoid accumulation in soybean root infected with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Physiol. Plant Pathol. 24 357 (1984). 

STEELE, C.L., GLJZEN, M., QUTOB, D., DIXON, R.A., Molecular characterization of the enzyme catalyzing the aryl migration reaction of isoflavonoid biosynthesis in soybean, Arch. of Biochem. and Biophys., 1999, 367, 146-150. 

HowelF and Howell and Kremer found phenol accumulation assodated with the exposure of plants to ozone. Menser and Chaplin also reported an increase in the phenol content of tobacco leaves injured by ambient oxidants. Hoffman reported as much as an 80% increase in nicotine in leaves exposed to ozone at 0.24 ppm for 4 h. No increase was found after exposure to 0.06 or 0.12 ppm. Keen and Taylor found accumulation of several isoflavonoid compounds in soybean (Harosay 63) exposed to ozone. The presence of these compounds suggests a defense mechanism against ozone that is similar to that for disease resistance. 

Isoflavonoids Soybeans, tofu, isoflavone supplements Linear (+) THAP, DHB 318... 

Welle, R. and Grisebach, H., Properties and solubilization of the prenyltransferase of isoflavonoid phytoalexin biosynthesis in soybean. Phytochemistry, 30, 479, 1991. 

Isoflavonoids include the isoflavones genistein and daidzein, which occur mainly as the glycosides genistin and daidzin (see Figure 7.2), respectively, in soybeans and consequently in a wide range of soy-derived foods and to a lesser extent in other legumes. Traditional... 

FIGURE 8.6 Structure of the phytoalexin isoflavonoid pterocarpans, maackianin, and pisatin from garden pea, and the isoflavones daidzein and genistein from soybean. 

To test the validity of the bioassay itself we prepared a diet containing increasing amounts of rotenone, a compound derived from isoflavones and thus chemically not far removed from the soybean phytoalexins. Results in this case followed exactly the expected dose response curve (Table VII). Both survival and weight gain of larvae were drastically affected by increasing concentrations of rotenone. This experiment showed that the bioassay would be capable of detecting toxic effects of the phytoalexins on the soybean looper larvae, if such effects were acute. It showed also that the detoxification mechanisms in the soybean looper, a rather polyphagous insect, may permit it to adequately overcome the antibiotic effect of the isoflavonoid phytoalexins, but not that of the isoflavone rotenone. 

Birt, D.F., Hendrich, S., and Wang, W. 2001. Dietary agents in cancer prevention Flavonoids and isoflavonoids. Pharmacol. Ther. 90.157-177. Coward, L., Baines, N.C., Setchell, K.D.R., and Barnes, S. 1993. Genistein, daidzein, and their P-glucoside conjugates Antitumor isoflavones in soybean foods from American and Asian diets. 

A Seo, CV Morr. Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of phenolic acids and isoflavonoids from soybean protein products. J Agric Food Chem 32 530-533, 1984. 

Graham TL. 1991. Flavonoid and isoflavonoid distribution in developing soybean seedling tissues and in seed and root exudates. Plant Physiol 95 594—603. 

Morandi D. Isoflavonoid accumulation in soybean roots infected with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus. Physiol PI Pathol 1984 24 357-364. 

Morandi D., LeQuerre J.L. Influence of nitrogen on accumulation of isosojagol (a new deterred coumestan in soybean) and associated isoflavonoids in roots and nodules of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal soybean. New Phytol 1991 117 75-79. 

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