Phytoalexins biosynthesis

VAN DER DEUDEN, R., THRELFALL, D.R., VERPOORTE, R WHITEHEAD, I.M., Regulation and enzymology of pentacyclic triterpenoid phytoalexin biosynthesis in cell suspension cultures of Tabemaemontana divaricata, Phytochemistry, 1989, 28, 2981-2988. 

Liu, C.J. and Dixon, R.A., Elicitor-induced association of isofiavone 0-methyltransferase with endomembranes prevents the formation and 7-0-methylation of daidzein during isofiavonoid phytoalexin biosynthesis. Plant Cell, 13, 2643, 2001. 

Paiva, N.L. et al.. Stress responses in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) 11. Molecular cloning and expression of alfalfa isofiavone reductase, a key enzyme of isofiavonoid phytoalexin biosynthesis. Plant Mol Biol, 17, 653, 1991. 

Tiemann, K. et al., Pterocarpan phytoalexin biosynthesis in elicitor-challenged chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cell cultures. Purification, characterization and cDNA cloning of NADPHnsofiavone oxidoreductase. Eur. J. Biochem., 200, 751, 1991. 

Schopfer, C.R. et al., Molecular characterization and functional expression of dihydroxypterocar-pan 6a-hydroxylase, an enzyme specific for pterocarpanoid phytoalexin biosynthesis in soybean... 

Welle, R. and Grisebach, H., Properties and solubilization of the prenyltransferase of isoflavonoid phytoalexin biosynthesis in soybean. Phytochemistry, 30, 479, 1991. 

Akashi T, Koshimizu S, Aoki T, Ayabe S-I. 2006. Identification of cDNAs encoding pterocarpan reductase involved in isoflavan phytoalexins biosynthesis in Lotus japonicus by EST mining. FEBS Lett 580 5666-5670. 

Shimada N, Akashi T, Aoki T, Ayabe S. 2000. Induction of isoflavonoid pathway in the model legume Lotus japonicus Molecular characterization of enzymes involved in phytoalexin biosynthesis. Plant Sci 160 37-47. 

Tamogami, S., Rakwal, R., Kodama, O. Phytoalexin production by amino acid conjugates of jasmonic ads through induction of naringenin-7-o-methyltransferase, a key enzyme on phytoalexin biosynthesis in rice (Oryzja sativa L.). FEBS Lett 1997a 401 239-242. 

GUNIA, W., HINDERER, W., WITTKAMPF, U., BARZ, W Elicitor induction of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in cell suspension cultures of chickpea and their involvement in pterocarpan phytoalexin biosynthesis. Z Natwforsch, 1991, 36c, 58-66. 

The pterocarpan pisatin was first isolated and characterized as a phytoalexin in Pi sum sativum in the early 1960s.234 235 Since then, structurally diverse phytoalexins have been reported from more than 30 families of higher plants. Much progress is also being made in studies on phytoalexin biosynthesis based on genomic information. 

Yang, Q., Trinh, H.X., Imai, S., Ishihara, A., Zhang, L., Nakayashiki, H., Tosa, Y, Mayama, S. (2004) Analysis of the involvement of hydroxyanthranilate hydroxycin-namoyltransferase and caffeoyl-Co A 3-O-methyltransferase in phytoalexin biosynthesis in oat. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact., 17, 81-9. 

Chen, X.Y., Chen, Y, Heinstein, P. and Davisson, V.J. (1995) Cloning, expression and characterization of (-l-)-delta-cadinene synthase a catalyst for cotton phytoalexin biosynthesis. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 324, 255-66. 

Peters RJ. Uncovering the complex metabolic network underlying diterpenoid phytoalexin biosynthesis in rice and other cereal crop plants. Phytochemistry 2006 67 2307-2317. 

Vogeli, U., R. Vogeli-Lange, and J. Chappell Inhibition of phytoalexin biosynthesis in ehcitor-treated tobacco cell-suspension cultures by calcium/cahnodulin antagonists Plant Physiol. 100 (1992) 1369-1376. 

Ref. 6) established that potato-cell suspension cultures synthesize and accumulate sesqulterpenold phytoalexins. This ability to elicit terpenoid phytoalexin formation In cell suspension culture should speed the exploitation of tissue culture techniques In the studies of terpenoid phytoalexin biosynthesis. 

Bais AJ, Murphy PJ, Dry IB (2000) The molecular regulation of stilbene phytoalexin biosynthesis in Vitis vinifera during grape berry development. Aust J Plant Physiol 27 425-433... 

The diterpene synthase copalyl diphosphate synthase (CDP) is one of the most studied type B synthases. It forms the bicycUc intermediate (-)-copalyl pyrophosphate ((-)-CPP) or its diastereomer (+)-copalyl pyrophosphate ((+)-CPP) from GGPP. Several CDPs are expressed in rice OsCycl forms (+)-CPP, while OsCyc2 and OsCPSl form (-)-CPPs. OsCPSl is believed to be involved in gibberellin biosynthesis and OsCyc2 in diterpene phytoalexin biosynthesis [31],... 

Valaiit-Vetschera KM, Wollenweber E (2001) Exudate flavonoid aglycones in the alpine spe-ciesofAchilleasect. Plarmica Chemosystematics of A. moschata and related species (Compositae-Anthemideae). Biochem Syst Ecol 29 149-159 Valant-Vetschera KM, Wollenweber E, Faure R, et al. (2003) New exudate flavonoids of species from the Chrysanthemum complex (Asteraceae-Anthemideae). Biochem Syst Ecol 31 545-548 Verrier PJ, Bird D, Burla B, et al. (2008) Plant ABC proteins - a unified nomenclature and updated inventory. Trends Plant Sci 13 151-159 Viehweger K, Lein W, Schumann B, Roos W, et al. (2006). A G protein controls a pH dependent signal path to the induction of phytoalexin biosynthesis in Eschscholzia californica. Plant Cell 18 1510-1523... 

Kurosaki, F. (1996) Effect of NADPH associated keto-reducing domain on substrate entry into 6-hydroxymellein synthase, a multifunctional polyketide synthetic enzyme involved in phytoalexin biosynthesis in carrot Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 328, 213-217... 

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