Chicken, domestic

Chickadee, black-capped, Pams atricapillus, 254 Chicken, domestic, Gallus sp., 9, 19,54, 83, 122,... 

In their investigation, 7 of 16 units had littered nests. Littered nests are closest to the natural nest established by wild fowl (the closest relative to domesticated chicken), which scratch a small cavity on the floor, sit in it and use loose material from the surrounding area to build a nest. 

No data are available on the toxicity of copper to avian wildlife. All studies with birds and copper use domestic chickens, ducks, or turkeys (Table 3.6). Copper, however, may indirectly affect avian wildlife by curtailing certain prey species. Winger et al. (1984), for example, show that apple snails (Pomacea paludosa) are not only extremely susceptible to copper (LC50 of 24 to 57 pg/L in 96 h immatures most sensitive), but are the primary food of the snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis), an endangered species. The decline of the apple snail in southern Florida coincided with the use of copper-diquat to control hydrilla aquatic weeds (Hydrilla verticillata), with serious implications for the snail kite (Winger et al. 1984). 

Dendrocygna bicolor Methyl Domestic chicken, Gallus 37.8 " LD50 1... 

Domestic chicken, Gallus sp. to prevent nickel deficiency in chicks Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos More than 50 pg/kg ration 8, 9, 10... 

No studies have been conducted with silver and avian or mammalian wildlife, and it is unreasonable to extrapolate the results of limited testing with domestic poultry and livestock to wildlife to establish criteria or administratively enforced standards. Research on silver and avian and terrestrial wildlife merits the highest priority in this subject area. No silver criteria are available for the protection of avian and mammalian health, and all criteria now proposed are predicated on human health (Table 7.8). As judged by the results of controlled studies with poultry and small laboratory mammals, safe concentrations of silver ion were less than 250 pg/L in drinking water of mammals, less than 100 mg/L in drinking water of poultry, less than 6 mg/kg in diets of mammals, less than 10 mg/kg in copper-deficient diets of poultry, less than 200 mg/kg in copper-adequate diets of poultry, and less than 1.8 mg/kg in chicken eggs. The proposed short-term (10-day) allowable limit of 1142 pg Ag/L in drinking water for human health protection (Table 7.8) should... 

Japanese quail fed diets containing 0,24,60 or 150 mg tri-n-butyltin oxide for 6 weeks. Eggs produced and chicks hatched were observed Domestic chicken... 

Domestic chicken Daily doses >0.0001 mg tetraethyltin/kg BW produced adverse effects on... 

Zinc concentrations in seminal plasma of domestic chickens (Gallus sp.) are about 100 times lower than those for humans and most other mammals, except sheep. Concentrations of zinc in fowl seminal plasma after in vitro storage of spermatozoa for 24 h at 4°C were near the threshold values toxic to spermatozoa (Blesbois and Mauger 1989), suggesting that poultry spermatozoa normally function near their lower lethal zinc threshold. 

Oral route 9100 pg/kg body weight (BW), 95% confidence interval [Cl] of 6300-13,100 pg/kg BW DOMESTIC CHICKEN, Gallus sp. LD50, age 3-5 months 1... 

Reproductive impairment was reported in several species of waterfowl from a marsh treated with 1.12 kg technical chlordane/ha (Table 13.4). Studies by Lundholm (1988) with two species of ducks (Anas spp.) and the domestic chicken (Gallus sp.) demonstrated that various organochlorine compounds, including chlordane, interfered (in a dose-dependent manner) with reproduction by reducing the binding of progesterone to its cytoplasmic receptor in the shell gland mucosa of birds, especially ducks. 

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