Sources of Figures and Tables

In this monograph, a number of figures and tables are quoted from different sources, and the author would like to thank the following organizations and individuals for generously giving permission to use them in this monograph. 

Appendix E Acknowledgment of Figures and Tables Adopted from Other Sources... 

FIGURE 6.1 The United States is becoming ever more dependent on foreign sources of oil and minerals. The top graph displays trends in U.S. production and consumption of petroleum feedstocks from 1970 to 2000. It shows the growing contribution of imported oil to U.S. consumption, a contribution that is projected to increase rapidly in the 1990s. The bottom table shows that the United States depended in 1985 on foreign suppliers for 20 minerals and metals, some of which are critical to national security. Courtesy, Chevron Oil Company (top) and the U.S. Bureau of Mines (bottom). 

Figure 10-3 Form used in the Dow Fire and Explosion Index. The figures and tables referenced in the form are provided in the index booklet. Source Dow s Fire and Explosion Index Hazard Classification Guide, 7th ed., (1994). Reproduced by permission of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers.

The source data for all published graphs and tables also should be marked in the notebook s Table of Contents. Likewise, after submitting the corrected version of your doctoral dissertation, the notebook s Table of Contents should be marked to indicate all figures and tables that appear in the dissertation. This will help your successors, should they wish to reanalyze a figure in your publications or dissertation. 

The manuscript of St. Mark is perhaps the earliest manuscript which gives in connection with descriptions the sketches of apparatus and tables of alchemical symbols. Berthelot has reproduced these and others from later sources in the Introduction a l etude de la Chimie.ss These figures of apparatus are all extremely crude—rather diagrammatic than realistic. 

The lower members of the paraffin and olefin series have been the preferred and most economical sources of organic raw material for conversion, so figures and tables are shown concerning the derivations from methane (Fig. 2), ethylene (Fig. 3), propylene and butylene (Fig. 4), and ring-containing (cyclic) chemicals (Fig. 5). 

The fraction of 0( D) atoms that form OH is dependent on pressure and the concentration of H2O typically in the marine boundary layer (MBL) about 10% of the 0( D) generate OH. Reactions (2.7 and 2.8) are the primary source of OH in the troposphere, but there are a number of other reactions and photolysis routes capable of forming OH directly or indirectly. As these compounds are often products of OH radical initiated oxidation they are often termed secondary sources of OH and include the photolysis of HONO, HCHO, H2O2 and acetone and the reaction of 0( D) with methane (see Figure 9). Table 2 illustrates the average contribution of various formation routes with altitude in a standard atmosphere. 

Figure 4 provides an overview of the elements of a complete typical chemical process for consideration in targeting P2 opportunities. Although the focus for identifying P2 opportunities is necessarily on the process, other factors, such as off-specification (off-spec) product, maintenance wastes, leaks, and spills can also be significant causes of pollution. Table 2 identifies numerous examples of potential sources of pollution and waste in chemical process plants. Once these have been identified, P2 solutions can be subsequently evaluated based on the general guidelines provided in Table 3. ... 

The S. lividam sn s SorAB, SorABRCDFE, and SorABRCDFE+BL were fermented in the presence of thiostrepton to induce the expression of the soraphen biosynthetic genes, but no production of soraphen A, or any other soraphen congener was found by LC-MS analyses (Table I). As there is no evidence that S. lividam has the capacity to biosynthesize the soraphen starter unit benzoyl-CoA as part of its normal metabolism (3S), we tried to ferment these strains while feeding benzoate SorABRCDFE+BL, but not the other two strains, produced soraphen A as shown by antifungal bioassay and LC-MS analysis (Figure 2C and D, Table I). In conclusion, both an external source of benzoate and the introduction of a suitable benzoyl-CoA ligase [the BadA entyme of R palustris (37)] were necessaiy for soraphen A production in S. lividam. 

The structure of sucrose, which is also called table sugar, is made up of a glucose and a fructose monomer. Figure 19.8 shows two sources of simple and complex carbohydrates in the diet. 

The catabolic pathway in microorganisms does not stop at 4. Selective culture techniques were used by Snell and coworkers to identify 10 different bacterial strains and one yeast strain (Table 1), which were able to grow on one or more forms of vitamin Bg as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. The catabolic intermediates have been isolated and characterized from the growth medium,and two catabolic pathways have been proposed as shown in Figure 1. Both these pathways are inducible and the enzymes catalyzing these steps have also been characterized. 

The kernel itself contains a rich source of protein and a glyceride oil having chiefly the components fatty acids palmitic and oleic acids. In world production the % of cashew is comparable to that of hazel and almond nuts. Table 4 gives projected estimates of the world production of cashew from figures available in 1978-9 (ref. 172). 

FIGURE 16.1. A simplified fiow diagram of a recirculating cooling water system. Sources of water and application are presented in Table 16.1. 

Figure 1 summarizes the potential pathways involved in the formation of dehydroalanine. It appears that dehydroalanine can be formed in a variety of amino acids protein, suggesting that any or all of the routes in Figure 1 could be involved in dehydroalanine formation. Table 1 contains results of partial amino acid analysis of several alkaline treated proteins. The results support the suggestion that both serine and cystine or their derivatives can be sources of dehydroalanine and subsequently the lysinoalanine measured in the proteins. In casein there is substantial LAL formation with a measurable loss in serine. In isolated soy protein and lactalbumin it can be seen that cystine shows the most significant losses. It should be noted that a significant portion of the serine in casein is present as phosphoserine. The relatively rapid 6-elimination of phosphoserine (15) accounts for the formation of considerable quantities of dehydroalanine and subsequently the substantial levels of LAL found in casein. In addition, as mentioned above, the presence of calcium would accelerate dehydroalanine formation from the phosphoserine present in the casein. The variability of... 

Figure 3.24 Projections onto the plane albiie-quartz-orthoclase from HjO at 1 kb. The pure system is represented by a cross (+). Piercing points for the planes 3 %, 5 % and 7.5 % anordiite Oj minima and eutectics for the iluorine-bearing system. The sources of data and the plotting positions are listed in Table 3.6.

We have seen figures and tables here showing that the lead level dropped in evaporated milk from 0.5 ppm to less than 0.1, for canned fruit juices from 0.3 ppm to about 0.014 ppm, and finally, for canned infant formula from 0.1 ppm to 0.02 ppm. As children absorb substantially more lead in the early phase of childhood than adults, the US Food and Drug Administration has made a special recommendation for infants and children, to which I referred already above The lead intake from all sources should be less than 100 ig per day for children up to 6 months of age, and should be less than 150 pg per day for children aged between 6 months and 2 years. 

Instructions for Use Supplements to Inorganic Compounds Supplements to Organic Compounds General Register (Index) for Compounds, Figures and Tables List of Sources... 

This book is unique in that its scope is limited to data about the MTV reaction, application of the reactions related to MTV, and metal-halogen reactions that might be substituted for the MTV reaction. The book provides the reader a single source for research results and data on all compositions related to MTV and the application thereof The breadth of references, figures and tables demonstrate the vast and careful research Dr Koch undertook. 

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