Sources, citing

Flowever, from the results and graphs attached and from other sources cited,the following approximate rules may be stated. 

The characterization of a reference material can take place in different ways. Depending on the source cited, there are three or four mainstream approaches ISO Guide 35 (1989) distinguishes between three ... 

FTTCR-MS has frequently been reviewed (ref. [215] for sources cited) various dedicated journal special... 

Particle Size Distribution Determination. To consider the full PSD, a population balance or age distribution analysis on particles must be employed. Table II gives a summary of recent work concerning the determination of PSD s in emulsion systems, using both the "monodispersed" approximation and the population balance approach. More details can be found in the literature sources cited in the Table. 

Quantum mechanical calculations are essentially mathematical, and further discussion is not merited here. More information can be gained from the sources cited in Further Reading at the end of this chapter. 

Charts, correlations, and tables in the sources cited earlier relate capital costs to various parameters characteristic of the equipment to be evaluated. Table B.2 lists typical parameters used to correlate equipment costs for common types of process equipment. Figure B.3 is an example of such correlations for the cost of heat exchangers as a function of exchanger area. These forms of cost curves generally appear as nearly straight lines on log-log plots, indicating a power-law relationship between capital cost and capacity, with exponents typically ranging from 0.5 to 0.8. 

Using parts 2 and 3 of the Peer Review Memo form on the Write Like a Chemist Web site, provide feedback on the Materials and Methods draft. Give specific suggestions that can be used to improve the written work. (The Methods section below is adapted from an original source, cited in the Instructor s Answer Key.)... 

Figure 7.6 Several of the structures considered by Li, Stampfl, and Scheffler1 in constructing their phase diagram for 02/ Ag( 111). The top left panel shows a top view of a structure with both surface and subsurface O atoms (large and small dark spheres, respectively). The top right panel shows a side view of the same structure. The DFT calculations do not predict this structure to be thermodynamically favored. The bottom panel shows a top view of the (4 x 4) surface oxide, which has a complex arrangement of Ag atoms (light spheres) and O atoms (dark spheres) on top of an Ag(lll) substrate (unfilled circles). DFT calculations predict this structure to be favored at certain temperatures and pressures. (Reprinted by permission from the source cited in Fig. 7.5.)...

Figure 9.3 Energy of a 64 atom supercell of InP during quenching from a liquid state into an amorphous state. The energy of crystalline InP is also shown. (Reprinted by permission from the source cited in Fig. 9.2.)...

Many lists have appeared indicating the toxicity and/or carcinogenicity of specific chemicals. It would be invidious lo aliempl to insert these lists in this article because the number is extensive. Reference can be made to the sources cited at ihe end of this article. 

For further information consult the sources cited in footnote 2, p. 10. 

Derivations may be found in the sources cited in note 36 of Chapter 2. 

Iodomethane has several terrestrial biogenic and abiotic sources (Table 3.6). It is emitted from volcanoes (216, 217), fungi (273), wetlands (275), peatlands (267), rice paddies (262-266, 374), and oat plants (374). Biomass combustion also accounts for some CH3I (284, 285, 288). The abiotic soil source cited earlier can also produce CH3I (175). 

Other sources cite the average age of first marijuana use as 14, and first alcohol use at about age 12.)... 

The source of organic materials. Possible sources cited have included mineral-catalyzed hydrothermal synthesis, atmospheric syntheses driven by radiation or electrical discharges (see Section 5.1), and delivery from outer space (see Section 5.2). Cleaves and Chalmers have summarized the alternatives.61... 

Second, whether or not the "former missionary" source cited is accurate, the appearance or nonappearance of drag addicts from the PRC mainland is utterly irrelevant to the issue of PRC involvement in the wholesale drag traffic. Moreover, the citation of 1965 as the end-point of PRC traffic is suspicious, since the hardest evidence of all — Chou En-lai s recorded boasts on the subject — dates from that year. 

Acknowledgment. In addition to the sources cited, I am indebted to Dr. Carleton Barbour, Mr. Joseph Forish, and Dr. Peter Holmes of the Rohm and Haas Company for important contributions to this... 

For each nation or group of nations we shall first give a brief tabular overview of the Jewish population statistics as given in each work. Only where the data given in the two books are at considerable odds will reference to the soundness of the data and their calculation be made in order to determine which author s arguments are better. The reliability of the sources cited by the authors will also be touched on only in cases of dispute. 

There are four main sections in this chapter. Three of them deal with molecular recognition, sensing, and supramolecular self-assembly of crown ethers. The fourth one is about emerging classes of oxygen-containing macrocycles, such as calixtubes and oxacalixarenes. Emphasis has been given to their properties and usefulness, rather than their synthesis as such. The primary sources cited herein should therefore be consulted to this end. 

References cited at the end of each experiment and each of the general chapters have been updated. In cases where no new literature source could be found that covers a given topic as well as the source cited in the seventh edition, the original citation has been retained, since most libraries have available copies of older books and monographs. 

In spite of the wealth of information contained therein, as of this writing there are no citations to this 1995 compilation of Whitaker, which is a useful resource for reference powder diffraction patterns of many organic colorants, polymorphic and non-polymorphic. This may be due to the fact that it was published in a specialist monograph or that subsequent workers would use and cite the primary sources cited by Whitaker. Whatever the reason, it appeared to be of some benefit and convenience to the reader to compile here those primary references to polymorphic materials that are designated as colourants by the Colour Index, with the primary sources given by Whitaker. Whitaker also presents references for many other related dye materials that have not received such a designation. 

A good presentation of the various ICH sources cited in the guideline was published by Matsuo et al. (289) and with Takeda at the First International Meeting on the Photostability of Drugs (290). This is the first published figure to compare... 

Figure 37 Frequency distribution plots for Os, Nd, and Sr isotope compositions of cratonic and noncratonic peridotite xenoliths. Upper right plots give the range for ocean island basalts (OIB) and arrows show the direction of isotopic evolution for melt depletion and enrichment events. Data compiled from sources cited in Menzies (1990b), Pearson (1999a,b), and those given in Figure 21 (after Pearson and Nowell, 2002).

Table 1. Comparison of measured cave temperatures (T ) with the temperatures of deposition calculated for modern speleothems (Tc). Data from the sources cited in Figure 1.

The present volume is concerned with low-temperature oxidation of hydrocarbons but the data sources cited in this section cover both higher and lower temperature regimes. As indicated earlier most of the direct measurements of rate constants of elementary reactions have been carried out at high temperatures (>1000 K) or temperatures close to ambient. It is only relatively recently that experimental techniques have been modified to produce substantial quantities of data for the intermediate temperatures pertinent to low-temperature oxidation of hydrocarbons, and much of the data for modelling low-temperature oxidation of hydrocarbons must be obtained from extrapolation of low-temperature data, interpolation between high- and low-temperature data, or by estimation methods. Consequently both the evaluations produced for modelling flames and those for atmospheric modelling are relevant. 

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