Solvents, adhesives sealants

Dearborn, Mi., 26th-29th Oct. 1997, p.397-423 EPA AND FDA REGULATIONS AS FACTORS IN THE CONVERSION FROM SOLVENT TO WATERBORNE ADHESIVE SYSTEMS FOR FLEXIBLE PACKAGING Simmons R A Keller Heckman LLP (Adhesive Sealant Council)... 

Conventional silanes are limited to high-solids and solvent adhesive and sealant applications in which moisture is not encountered until use. However, water-stable epoxy silane promoters have recently been developed to enhance the wet strength of waterborne adhesives and sealants.17... 

Waxes, paint removers, degreasers Manufacture of adhesives, sealants Solvents, degreasers, cleaners Manufacture of chemicals and herbicides... 

Use Tires, footwear, mechanical goods, coatings, adhesives, solvent-release sealants, carpet backing. 

Polysulfide Excellent oil, solvent, and water resistance, high impermeability to gases, low strength, unpleasant odor (particularly during processing) Adhesive, sealants, binders, hose... 

It was not until the commercialization of synthetic plastics resins in the 1930s that an almost unlimited variety of base materials became available for compounding into adhesives and sealants. Most of the thermoplastic resins were soluble in organic solvents and were used as solvent adhesives for molded plastic articles of the same base composition and sometimes for other materials. Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), a thermoplastic developed in 1927, is used today in solvent formulations to bond PVC articles such as coated fabrics, films, foams, and pipe. In the early 1930s, phenolics came into importance as adhesive resins. Before that time they were used as coating varnishes [9, p. 239). About 1931 development of the use of a new phenolic resin for plywoods and veneers began [9, p. 239]. 

Thermoplastic rubber block copolymers, with completely new adhesive performance, were developed in 1965 [21]. The first commercial product was Shell Chemical s Kraton 101, of styrene polybutadiene-styrene composition. This development led to the carboxy-terminated nitrile (CTBN) rubber modifiers used to flexibilize epoxy and other brittle resin adhesives in the late 1960s. Today, the thermoplastic rubber block copolymer adhesives are used in hot melt-, solvent- and water-based adhesives, and as hot melt- and solvent-based sealants. Major applications are as pressure-sensitive adhesives, construction adhesives and sealants, and general assembly adhesives. 

Uses Intermediate epoxy curative solvent for gas treatment surfactant (asphalt emulsifiers, textiles) corrosion/scale inhibitor additive for fuel, oil, plastic, petrol, and chem. processing extender, catalyst for PU polyamide monomer for coatings, adhesives, sealants, elastomers Regulatory CERCLA reportable... 

Uses Plasticizer for polyvinyl and cellulosic resins inch NC lacquers and films, PVC flooring/plastisols, PVAc adhesives/sealants/caulks, acrylic coatings, chlorinated rubber, cellulose propionate, polyamide, castable PU organic intermediate film-former, plasticizer in cosmetics plasticizer in food-contact polymers in food-pkg. adhesives in paper/pa-perboard in contact with aq./fatty/dry foods solvent for adjuvants in food-contact crosslinked polyesters Features High-solvating... 

NFPA Health 0, Flammability 1, Reactivity 0 Uses Plasticizer, solvent, film-former in nitrocellulose lacquers, elastomers, explosives, nail polishes, solid rocket propellants, adhesives, sealants solvent for resins, perfume oils perfume fixing agent textile lubricant insect repellent nonreactive epoxy resin diluent safely glass printing inks paper coatings oral pharmaceuticals in food-pkg. adhesives in paper/paperboaid in contact with aqTfatly foods adjuvant in slimicides in food-contact paper/paperboaid in cellophane for food pkg. solvent for adjuvants in fo -contact crosslinked polyesters plasticizer in food-contact mbber articles for repeated use Regulatory FDA 21CFR 175.105,175.300,176.170,176.300,177.1200, 177.2420,177.2600 FDA approved for orals SARA reportable BP, EP compliance... 

Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) > 5000 mg/kg irritant Uses Intermediate in prod, of solvents, urethanes, unsat. polyesters, gel coats, sat. polyester and alkyd coatings, polymeric plasticizers, adhesives, sealants, elastomers (required to keep transparency, weatherability) solvent, compatibilizerfor adjuvants, fabric softener carriers, nonionic surfactants, pigment dispersions solubilizer, emulsifier in air freshener applies. solvent, emulsifier, humectant, solubilizer, compatibilizer, stabilizer, neutralizer, emollient in cosmetics, personal care food-contact coatings Features Nonvolatile... 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits highly toxic fumes of NOx NFPA Health 3, Flammability 1, Reactivity 1 Uses In mfg. of polyurethane foams, elastomers, coatings, adhesives, sealants crosslinking agent for nylon 6 solvent in food-pkg. adhesives... 

Butyl rubber is an elastomeric polymer used widely in adhesives and sealants, both as primary binders and as tackifiers and modifiers. Butyl rubber is a copolymer of isobutylene with a small amount of isoprene. These materials have relatively low strength and tend to exhibit creep under load. They are useful in packaging apphcations where their low permeability to gases, vapors, and moisture can be exploited. Butyl rubber is also used as an adhesive sealant. It is generally applied from a solvent-based solution. Table 5.1 summarizes some of the important properties of butyl rubber adhesives. 

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