Food adjuvants

USE Sodium salt as pharmaceutic aid (surfactant) as wetting agent in industrial, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food applications dispersing and solubilizing agent in foods adjuvant in tablet formation. 

NFPA Health 0, Flammability 1, Reactivity 0 Uses Plasticizer, solvent, film-former in nitrocellulose lacquers, elastomers, explosives, nail polishes, solid rocket propellants, adhesives, sealants solvent for resins, perfume oils perfume fixing agent textile lubricant insect repellent nonreactive epoxy resin diluent safely glass printing inks paper coatings oral pharmaceuticals in food-pkg. adhesives in paper/paperboaid in contact with aqTfatly foods adjuvant in slimicides in food-contact paper/paperboaid in cellophane for food pkg. solvent for adjuvants in fo -contact crosslinked polyesters plasticizer in food-contact mbber articles for repeated use Regulatory FDA 21CFR 175.105,175.300,176.170,176.300,177.1200, 177.2420,177.2600 FDA approved for orals SARA reportable BP, EP compliance... 

Additional nonnutrient additives iaclude sequestrants to provide ingredient separatioa and stabili2ers such as gums. Spices, essential oils, oleoresias, synthetic flavotings, and adjuvants are also used ia pet foods. 

Health and Safety. The U.S. FDA has affirmed R%- and S(—)-maHc acid as substances that are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) as flavor enhancers, flavoring agents and adjuvants, and as pH control agents at levels ranging from 6.9% for hard candy to 0.7% for miscellaneous food uses (42). R%- and A(—)-maHc acid may not be used in baby foods. MaHc acid is also cleared to correct natural acid deficiencies in juice or wine (43). 

Other U.S. regulatory clearances for sorbic acid allow its use as an antimicotic in the manufacture of food packaging materials (159), as a pesticide adjuvant when appHed to growing crops (160), and with methylceUulose and dimethylpolysiloxane as an antifoaming agent (161). 

Interferon-a2b is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as adjuvant therapy for high-risk melanoma. 

Interferon-a2b has diverse mechanisms of action, including antiviral activity, impact on cellular metabolism and differentiation, and antitumor activity.42 The antitumor activity is due to a combination of direct antiproliferative effect on tumor cells and indirect immune-mediated effects.42 Interferon-a2b is currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as adjuvant therapy for patients who are free of disease after curative surgical resection but are at high risk of MM recurrence. This includes patients with bulky disease or regional lymph node involvement such as stage IIB, IIC, or III disease.43 It is controversial if interferon-a2b (IFN) should be offered as adjuvant therapy for every high-risk MM patient. The reason is because clinical trials with different doses of IFN have not proved definitively that IFN improves overall patient survival. 

Part 178—Indirect food additives Adjuvants, production aids, and sanitizers... 

Adjuvants (density adjustment for flavouring oils in beverages, diluent for colours and other food additives, encapsulating agent, excipient) Adsorbants (decolourizing agent)... 

Successful vaccines have several important properties such as safety, effectiveness, low cost per dose, and ease of preparation. Vaccines, whether peptide, protein, or DNA, have limited potency without codelivery with an adjuvant and/or a specialized delivery system (11). There is currently a lack of safe, nontoxic, effective. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved vaccine adjuvants capable of stimulating cellular (Thl) immunity (12). Most potent immune activators are also toxic at relatively low doses and cannot, therefore, be successfully used as adjuvants (12). 

FDA. 2001b. Indireet food additives Adjuvants, production aids, and sanitizers. Sanitizing solutions. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Code of Federal Regulations. 21 CFR 178.1010. 

The flavor enhancer monosodium glutamate (MSG) is currently used in virtually every type of savory prepared-food. Unfortunately, MSG has several deleterious side effects on a large proportion of the population. Fortunately, a naturally occurring peptide isolated from a muscle food (beef) can serve not only as a potential replacement for MSG but also as a nutritional adjuvant. The peptide, called BMP or beefy meaty peptide, acts as a flavor enhancer and is found to occur naturally in beef Chapter 6). Research on BMP suggest that it is not only non-allergenic but, by virtue of its protein composition, is a nutritionally sound replacement for MSG. 

Flavouring adjuvants are foodstuffs, food additives, other food ingredients or processing aids which are necessary to ensure the safety and quality of flavourings and to facilitate the production, storage and intended use of flavourings. 

The Food and Drug Administration permits the use of diethanolamine as a component of adhesives in food packaging, as an indirect food additive, as a component of the uncoated or coated food contact surface of paper and paperboard for use with dry solid foods with no free fat or oil on the surface, and for use only as an adjuvant to control pulp absorbance and pitch content in the manufacture of paper and paperboard or for use only in paper mill boilers in the United States (Food and Drug Administration, 1999). 

Occupational exposure limits and guidelines for pyridine are presented in Table 2. The Food and Dmg Administration (1999) permits the use of pyridine as a S5mthetic flavouring substance or adjuvant generally recognized as safe in foods in the United States. 

FDA, Department of Health and Human Services. 1981. Indirect food additives Adjuvants, production aids, and sanitizers hydrogen peroxide. Final Rule. Federal Register 46, 2341-2343. 

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