Solution density

Temperature, °C Solubihty ia water, g/100 g solution Density, g/cm Viscosity mPa-s(=cP) H2O vapor pressure, kPa... 

A = 4.05 X lO " cm/(s-kPa)(4.1 X 10 cm/(s-atm)) and = 1.3 x 10 cm/s (4)//= 1 mPa-s(=cP), NaCl diffusivity in water = 1.6 x 10 cm /s, and solution density = 1 g/cm . Figure 4 shows typical results of this type of simulation of salt water permeation through an RO membrane. Increasing the Reynolds number in Figure 4a decreases the effect of concentration polarization. The effect of feed flow rate on NaCl rejection is shown in Figure 4b. Because the intrinsic rejection, R = 1 — Cp / defined in terms of the wall concentration, theoretically R should be independent of the Reynolds... 

Eor the negative electrolyte, cadmium nitrate solution (density 1.8 g/mL) is used in the procedure described above. Because a small (3 —4 g/L) amount of free nitric acid is desirable in the impregnation solution, the addition of a corrosion inhibitor prevents excessive contamination of the solution with nickel from the sintered mass (see Corrosion and corrosion inhibitorsCorrosion and corrosion control). In most appHcations for sintered nickel electrodes the optimum positive electrode performance is achieved when one-third to one-half of the pore volume is filled with active material. The negative electrode optimum has one-half of its pore volume filled with active material. 

The types of sedimentation encountered in process technology will be greatly affected not only by the obvious factors—particle size, hquid viscosity, sohd and solution densities—but also by the characteristics of the particles within the shiny. These properties, as well as the process requirements, will help determine both the type of equipment which will achieve the desired ends most effectively and the testing methods to be used to select the equipment. 

For more precise values, computer programs can be used to calculate soluble recoveiy as weh as solution compositions for conditions that are typical of a CCD circuit, with varying underflow concentrations, stage efficiencies, and solution densities in each of the stages. The calculation sequence is easily performed by utihzing material-balance equations around each thickener. 

L is the partiele size, D the solution diffusivity, p the solution density, p the solution viseosity and u the solution relative veloeity. 

However is not to measure solution density at each concentration since the correction of Tanford (1955) can be applied ... 

Of course if this latter is not known for the solvent conditions being used, or cannot be calculated from the chemical composition of the macromolecule then solution density... 

Calculate the osmotic pressure of this solution at 35 °C, at which the solution density is 1.036 g/mL. 

Here p is the solution density, v the sound velocity, ctp the coefficient of thermal expansion, Cp the specific heat, and F the concentration dependence of the equilibrium, r = [LS] -f- [HS] . The measurement of ultrasonic relaxation thus enables the determination of both the relaxation time x and the... 

Interesting is a comparison of the volumes occupied by individual complexes in solution and in the solid state. The partial molal volumes can be obtained from precise measurements of the solution densities of the complexes as a function of concentration [177]. These values may be subsequently compared with the unit cell volumes per complex molecule derived from the crystal structure. For Fe[HB(pz)3]2, the apparent molal volume in tetrahydrofuran solution was determined as 340.9 em mol Taking into account that the complex in solution forms an equilibrium between 86% LS and 14% HS isomers and employing the volume difference between the two spin states AF° = 23.6 cm mol S the volume of the LS isomer was calculated as 337.6 cm mol This value agrees closely with the volume of 337.3 cm mol for the completely LS complex in solid Fe[HB(pz)3]2 [105]. 

Lewis and Randall stated that in dilute solutions the activity coefficient of a strong electrolyte is the same in all solutions of the same ionic strength this statement was confirmed in thermodynamic deductions of activity coefficients. The molality version of 7 can be applied in a fully analogous way and allows a more straightforward treatment of solution properties. [Conversion of molality into molarity requires the solution densities e.g., for a solute of molar mass M and a solution of density q we have... 

Solutions of TKPP were mixed with aqueous fluids commonly encountered in drilling or completion of wells. Unlike saturated zinc bromide, concentrated TKPP solutions can be mixed in any proportion with fresh water with the only result being a decrease in solution density. Similar results were obtained with conventional oil field brines containing as much as 400 parts per million polyvalent cations, mostly calcium. Saturated solutions of calcium hydroxide also can be added to TKPP in any proportion without promoting precipitation as can concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions, conventionally used for well stimulation. The acid tends to generate a slight haze as the pH is reduced from 11.5 to approximately 8 however, this haze rapidly disappears as the pH is lowered by further addition of acid. 

B The assumptions include no heat loss to the surroundings or to the calorimeter, a solution density of 1.00 g/mL, a specific heat of 4.18 J g 1 °C 1, and that the initial and final solution volumes are the same. The equation for the reaction that occurs is NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) - NaCl(aq) + H20(l). Since the two reactants combine in a one to one mole ratio, the limiting reactant is the one present in smaller amount. 

A batch reactor has a 500 lb charge of a solution of acetic anhydride at a concentration of 0.0135 lbmol/cuft. The solution density is 65.5 lb/cuft and its specific heat is 0.9 Btu/(lb)(). The heat of reaction is -90,000 Btu/lbmol and the specific rate is... 

The viscosities of the membrane casting dopes were measured by a Hoeppler viscometer as previously described (6). The solution densities were obtained by the modified Gibson and Loeffler (,9) dllatometer. From these data the solution viscosities at different temperatures were calculated. The activation energies of viscous flow obtained from the logri-1/T plots were corrected by the corresponding values of the solvents used. 

Hypophosphorous acW H3PO2 (M.W. 66.00), usually available as its 50% aqueous solution (density 1.274), is a specific reagent for replacement of aromatic diazonium groups by hydrogen under very mild conditions (at 0-25°) and in fair to good yields [288, 289] Procedure 46, p. 217). 

S/ = Svedberg unit, 10 cm/sec/dyn/g. The subscript denotes the solution density at which flotation studies were carried out. [See Scanu and Kruski (S13).]... 

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