Density of Aqueous Ethylene Glycol Solutions

Table 7.3 Density of Aqueous Ethylene Glycol Solutions (32)...

Figure 52A Densities of aqueous ethylene glycol solutions. (Courtesy of John M. Campbell.)...

An aqueous antifreeze solution is 40.0% ethylene glycol (CjTUOi) by mass. The density of the solution is 1.05 g/cm3. Calculate the molality, molarity, and mole fraction of the ethylene glycol. 

For aluminum, two cases were found. When anodization was carried out in a solution of 50 g/liter sodium tetraborate in 95 % ethylene glycol-5 % water, was found to be 0.58 + 0.04. However when the aluminum was anodized in aqueous ammonium citrate, varied substantially with current density from about 0.37 to 0.1 mA/cm to 0.72 at lOmA/cm. The experimental error in each value was about 10%, but an error in calculation of the total oxide thickness would have meant that the high current-density value would have been nearer to that obtained in the ethylene glycol solution. 

Muller, E. A., and P. Ra.smiLs.sen. 1991. Densities and excess volumes in aqueous poly(ethylene glycol) solutions. Journal of Chemical Engineering Data. 36 214-217. 

Kalaivani S, Srikanth CK, Regupathi I (2012) Densities and viscosities of binary and ternary mixtures and aqueous two-phase system of ply(ethylene glycol) 2000 + diammonium hydrogen citrate + water at different temperatures. J Chem Eng Data 57 2528-2534 Kumar H, Kaur K, Kaur SP, Singla M (2013) Studies of volumetric and acoustic properties of trisodium citrate and tripotassium citrate in aqueous solutions ofN-acetyl glyeine at different temperatures. J Chem Thermodyn 59 173-181... 

Table 7.2 shows the viscosity, mutual diffusion coefficient, and thermodynamic factor for aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol (PEG) at 25°C the diffusivity decreases considerably with increasing molecular weight, while the viscosity increases. Table 7.2 shows the thermal diffusion ratios for liquids and gases at low density and pressure the thermal diffusion ratios are relatively larger in liquids. 

MOH Mohsen-Nia, M., Modarress, H., and Rasa, H., Measurement and modeling of density, kinematic viscosity, and refractive index for poly(ethylene glycol) aqueous solution at different temperatures, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 50,1662,2005. 

Matsuoka et al. [8] tested ADAFCs formed by Pt-Ru/C as anode catalyst, Pt/C or Ag/C as cathode catalyst, and the AHA membrane by Tokuyama Co. The cells operated at 50 °C and were fuelled with four polyhydric alcohols and methanol for comparison. These alcohols (1 M) were dissolved in 1 M KOH aqueous solution. The maximum power densities were in the order of ethylene glycol > glycerol > methanol > erythritol > xylitol. The direct ethylene glycol fuel cell showed the highest power density. AlkaUne direct alcohol fuel cells using silver as a cathode catalyst showed good performance however, the open-circuit voltage of a cell with... 

Non Aqueous Solvents. Several ll-VI compounds have also been electrodeposited from non-aqueous solvents. The first report was by BaranskI and Fawcett (60) in i960. Their approach was to deposit cationic species eiectrochemically from a solution containing elemental chalcogenide, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF) and ethylene glycol (EG). A typical CdS deposition utilized a solution of 6 gm/l of sulfur and 10 gm/l of cadmium chloride. This was electrolyzed at 110°C with a current density of < 2.5 mA/cm . The quality of the CdS deposit was independent of both the sulfur and cadmium chloride concentration used and was not affected by the addition of 10% water. The deposit composition was solution temperature dependent, however, becoming highiy non-stoichlometric below 90°C. X-ray diffraction data showed that the crystallites In the film were all oriented with their [ill] planes parallel to the electrode surface. The resistivity of these films was about 10 n cm which could be lowered by addition of sodium iodide to the solution. 

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