Solid wastes treatment

The effects from solid waste treatment and disposal depend upon the specific waste and the methods employed. The major disposal methods, depending upon the quantity and nature of the waste, are ... 

Information on the types of treatment systems and their treatment efficiencies is required to be entered in Part III, Section 7, of the reporting form. For air emission treatment systems, use code A for wastewater treatment systems use, code W and for solid waste treatment systems, use code S in column 1 of Section 7. Appendix B of the instructions for Form R provides treatment codes to be entered in column B of Section 7. 

Solid waste treatment steps include dewatering of sludge and combustion in an incinerator, bark boiler, or fossil-fuel-fired boiler. Sludges from a clarifier are dewatered and may be incinerated otherwise, they are landfilled. 

CONCENTRATED LIQUID AND SOLID WASTE TREATMENT PROCEDURES... 

Solid Waste Treatment, Chemical Engineering, June 21, 1971, p. 155. 

Trang NTD, Binh N, Long NG (2009) Municipal solid waste treatment-experiences getting from practice. In Waste-to-resources 2009, III international symposium MBT and MRF, Hanover... 

Generally, catalysts are called into action to eliminate emissions from mobile (cars) and stationary (industry) sources, to take part in liquid and solid waste treatment, and contribute to the effort to reduce volatile organic compounds and gases that pose major environmental problems such as photochemical smog and (at a global level) the greenhouse effect. 

Ayres, J.A., Equipment Decontamination with Special Attention to Solid Waste Treatment, Survey Report BNWL-B-90. Battelle Northwest Laboratories, Richland, WA, 1971. 

High-Level Solid Waste Treatment. Cladding hulls and dissolver solids are generated as wastes from reprocessing LWR fuels. The alpha activity associated with these head-end wastes is normally low, but as a precautionary measure the WTF provides an area where these wastes may be given an extended tertiary HNO3/KF/ HC1 leach. Experimental studies with mixed-oxide reactor fuels (10,11,12) suggest that actinide losses can be held to 0.01 or less if fluoride and chloride are present in the leachant. 

In contrast to the raw mineral sources, the grade of the wastes in useful and recoverable materials is higher. Consequently, the flow sheet in solid-waste treatment plants is simpler. 

Classification or size separation is the unit operation that separates the particles according to their size. In general, it can be carried out dry or wet. The fraction of the feed having size less than the size of the screen aperture is the undersize, while that of greater size is the oversize. The fraction of the undersize that flows through the apertures is called underflow (or passing), while the particles that do not pass are called overflow (or remaining). In solid-waste treatment, classification is carried out almost always on screens and in dry, because the particles to be classified are relatively coarse and wet processes are undesirable. 

Factors that prevent its widespread application in solid waste treatment are the relatively complex flow sheet in comparison to dry separation methods, the high capacity requirements for economic plant operation, and, finally, its appUcation to materials whose characteristics are not affected by water. 

Metal items constitute an appreciable amount of solid waste, with their percentage varying between 5 and 15 percent in most cases. As the revenue from solid-waste processing plants is derived from the sale of the separated products, among which ferrous and nonferrous metal items, the recovery and recycling of metallic objects support considerably the construction and operation of solid-waste treatment plants. The recycling of metal items is very important, as it contributes in mineral deposits conservation and in the prevention of environmental pollution from the oxidation and dissolution of various metals, being in alloyed form. 

Although electrostatic separation (static or high intensity) has not been applied widely in solid waste treatment at the industrial level, it is expected to be of wider use in the future in certain sectors of applications. This separation has been successfully applied to separate plastics from paper, plastics from each other, shredded copper wires from their plastic insulation, glass from plastic, nonferrous metals from plastic, or glass, for example. 

Solid wastes treatment is nowadays very important because, on the one hand, their quantity increases regularly and, on the other hand, their storage in landfills tends to be forbidden. This is particularly true for urban solid wastes. In this frame, the biological treatment of solid wastes, or composting, often associated with biological sludges from... 

The aim of solid wastes treatment is both to reduce their size and to stabilise their organic content. In order to obtain qualitative and quantitative information about humification of anthropogenic organic matter during the treatment process or waste valorisation, a simple analytical method has been developed [7],... 

W. Pietsch, Size enlargement by agglomeration for solid waste treatment or minimization and for hazardous waste stabilization. Preprints 4th Pollution Prevention Topical Conference, Seattle, WA, USA, AIChE, New York, NY, USA (1993), 202-208. 

Size enlargement by agglomeration for solid waste treatment or minimization and for hazardous waste stabilization. 

Reversible extraction of acids from acidic waste streams, rather than their neutralization, saves acid and base and reduces waste disposal. Furthermore, acid removal provides for recovery of other valuable components and for improvement of the economics of solid waste treatment by acid leaching (e.g., heavy metal removal from coal ash). 

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