Sodium phenol

The aqueous sodium naphthenate phase is decanted from the hydrocarbon phase and treated with acid to regenerate the cmde naphthenic acids. Sulfuric acid is used almost exclusively, for economic reasons. The wet cmde naphthenic acid phase separates and is decanted from the sodium sulfate brine. The volume of sodium sulfate brine produced from dilute sodium naphthenate solutions is significant, on the order of 10 L per L of cmde naphthenic acid. The brine contains some phenolic compounds and must be treated or disposed of in an environmentally sound manner. Sodium phenolates can be selectively neutralized using carbon dioxide and recovered before the sodium naphthenate is finally acidified with mineral acid (29). Recovery of naphthenic acid from aqueous sodium naphthenate solutions using ion-exchange resins has also been reported (30). 

The purified sodium phenolate solution is then decomposed by passing it down ring-packed or coke-fiUed towers at 80—85°C countercurrent to a... 

Carbonates ate manufactured by essentially the same method as chloroformates except that more alcohol is required in addition to longer reaction times and higher temperatures. The products are neutralized, washed, and distilled. Corrosion-resistant equipment similar to that described for the manufacture of chloroformates is requited. Diaryl carbonates are prepared from phosgene and two equivalents of the sodium phenolates or with phenols and various... 

Sodium phenol-4-suIfonate (2H2O) (4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid Na salt) [825-90-1] M 232.2. Crystd from hot water (ImL/g) by cooling to 0°, or from MeOH, and dried in vacuum. 

This ether, CgHj. O. CHg, known as anisole, is a mobile oil of very fragrant odour. It is used to some extent in synthetic perfumery. It is prepared by the action of methyl iodide on sodium-phenol, according to the following equation —... 

It is the acid constituent of the ester forming almost the whole of wintergreen and birchbark oils, and is a crystalline solid melting at 159. Commercially pure samples, however, rarely melt at above 157°. It is prepared artificially on an enormous scale by heating sodium phenol, under pressure, with carbon dioxide. 

Ammonia stripping also removes cyanide, phenols, and other VOCs typically found in cokemaking wastewater. Phenols may also be removed by conversion into nonodorous compounds or into crude phenol or sodium phenolate by either biological means (phenol concentration <25 mg/L) or by physical processes.21 However, the Koppers dephenolization process is considered to be quite effective as it lowers the phenol content by 80 to 90% in ammonia still wastes. In this process a stream stripping process followed by mixing in a solution of caustic soda results in renewal of pure phenol with the flue gas.8... 

A. Ethyl 3-methylcoumarilate. Dry sodium phenolate (116 g., 1 mole) (Note 1) and 1 1. of dry thiophene-free benzene (Note 2) arc placed in a 2-1. three-necked flask fitted with mechanical stirrer, dropping funnel, and reflux condenser with drying tube. The suspension is heated to the boiling point on the steam bath, heating is moderated, and 165 g. (1 mole) of ethyl a-chloroaceto-acetate (Note 3) is added with stirring through the dropping... 

Sodium phenolate may be prepared in situ by evaporating molar equivalents of phenol and sodium hydroxide solution in the reaction flask on the steam bath under reduced pressure and drying the residue by heating the flask for several hours longer on the steam bath under reduced pressure. The solid cake of dry sodium phenolate breaks up in the succeeding step of the synthesis. 

The saponification of the ester phenylace-tate by sodium phenolate has the following stoichiometry. 

Fig. 16 Typical thermogravimetric analysis of sodium phenolate, illustrating the temperature resolution associated with the separate liberation of water and free phenol.

Fig. 17 Application of the method of standard additions to the quantitation of free phenol in sodium phenolate. Thermograms are shown for (a) the initial sample, (b) the sample with 1 mg free phenol added, (c) the sample with 3 mg free phenol added, and (d) the sample with 5 mg free phenol added.

Koppers phenolate A process for removing hydrogen sulfide from coal gas by absorption in aqueous sodium phenolate. Invented in 1931 by J. A. Shaw at the Koppers Company, Pittsburgh, but possibly never used. 

Phenoraffin A process for recovering phenols from carbonizer tar and coke-oven tar. The tar is dissolved in aqueous sodium phenolate and extracted with isopropyl ether. 

BHT (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), a phenolic antioxidant, on reaction with NO under neutral conditions, results in scavenging of the potentially harmful NO via radical reactions [143]. Sodium phenolate under basic conditions undergoes a Traube-type reaction at the ortho-position to produce a cupferron derivative [144]. When the ortho-positions are sterically blocked and the para-position does not bear a proton, cyclohexadienone diazeniumdiolates may be formed (Scheme 3.12) [145]. 

Transesterification as a side reaction was observed for a reachon of a sodium phenolate with a methyl carbonate. 

Bephenium Bephenium, 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoat benzyldimethyl(2-phenoxyethyl) ammonia (38.1.37), is made by reacting the sodium salt of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid with benzyldimethyl(2-phenoxyethyl)ammonia chloride (38.1.36). This is in turn made from benzyl chloride and Af-(2-phenoxyethyl)dimethylamine (38.1.35), which is synthesized by reacting sodium phenolate with 2-dimethylaminoethylchloride [41,42]. 

PHENOLATE PROCESS. A process for removing hydrogen sulfide from gas by the use of sodium phenolate. which reacts with the hydrogen sulfide to give sodium hydrosulfide and phenol. This can be reversed by steam heat to regenerate the sodium phenolate. 

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