Phenols with sodium chlorate

The cleavage products of several sulfonates are utilized on an industrial scale (Fig. 3). The fusion of aromatic sulfonates with sodium hydroxide [1310-73-2J and other caustic alkalies produces phenohc salts (see Alkylphenols Phenol). Chlorinated aromatics are produced by treatment of an aromatic sulfonate with hydrochloric acid and sodium chlorate [7775-09-9J. Nitriles (qv) (see Supplement) can be produced by reaction of a sulfonate with a cyanide salt. Arenesulfonates can be converted to amines with the use of ammonia. This transformation is also rather facile using mono- and dialkylamines. 

An oxidant. Combusdble when exposed to heat and flame. Moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Explosive reacdon with solid or concentrated alkali + heat (e.g., sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide), aluminum chloride + phenol (at 120°C), aniline + glycerol + sulfuric acid, nitric + sulfuric acid + heat. Forms explosive mixmres with aluminum chloride, oxidants (e.g., fluorodinitromethane, uranium perchlorate, tetranitromethane, sodium chlorate, nitric acid, nitric acid + water, peroxodisulfuric acid, dinitrogen tetraoxide), phosphorus pentachloride, potassium, sulfuric acid. Reacts violendy with aniline + glycerin, N2O, AgC104. To fight fire, use water, foam, CO2, dry chemical. Incompadble with potassium hydroxide. When heated to decomposidon it emits toxic flames of NOx. See also NITRO COMPOUNDS OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS. 

Derivatives of phenol or aniline can be oxidized to quinones, the yield and ease of oxidation depending on the substituents. If an amino or hydroxyl group is in the para position, the reaction proceeds readily, as illustrated by the synthesis of quinone from hydroquinone by oxidation with a sodium chlorate-vanadium pentoxide mixture (5>6%) or with chromic-sulfuric acid mixture (92%). A para halogen atom usually has a favorable effect. Any group in the para position is eliminated or oxidized. o-Quinones are usually prepared from the corresponding catechols. A survey of procedures for the synthesis of benzoquinones by oxidation has been made. ... 

EXPLOSION and FIRE CONCERNS combustible liquid NFPA rating Health 3, Flammability 2, Reactivity 1 moderate explosion hazard reacts explosively with solid or concentrated sodium hydroxide and heat, potassium hydroxide and heat, aluminum chloride and phenol ( at 120°C), sulfunc and nitric acid and heat, and sulfuric acid and aniline and glycerol violent reaction with aniline and glycerin, silver perchlorate, and dinitrogen oxide forms explosive mixtures with aluminum chloride, fluorodinitromethane, tetranitromethane, sodium chlorate, nitric acid, nitric acid and water, dinitrogen tetraoxide, phosphorus pentachloride, potassium, and sulfuric acid products of combustion include oxides of nitrogen use carbon dioxide, dry chemical, foam, or water spray for firefighting purposes. 

The active substance most often used in pyrotechnic whistles is gallic acid (3, 4, 5 trihydroxybenzoic acid). The potassium salts of benzoic acid of 2, 4, dinitrophenol and of picric acid (2, 4, 6 trinitro-phenol) and the sodium salt of salicylic acid (o-hydroxy benzoic acid) are also effective. They are combined with potassium chlorate, perchlorate, or nitrate (Formulas 156—160). 

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