Surfactants Amine Oxides

D. K. Olsen. Use of amine oxide surfactants for chemical flooding EOR topical report. US DOE Fossil Energy Rep NIPER-417, November 1989. 

From the ESI-FIA-MS(+) spectrum in Fig. 2.5.10(b), the amphoteric amine oxide surfactants ([M]+ ions at m/z 230, 258 and 286) and their dimeric ions ([2M - H]+ at m/z 459 and 487 (230 combined with 258)) could be recognised. The identity of the amine oxides was confirmed by recording product ions of the [M]+ ion at m/z 230 before the parent ion scan of fragment m/z 58 and vice versa was recorded for confirmation. This spectrum contained the A m/z 28 equally spaced characteristic amine oxide homologue ions at m/z 230, 258 and 286. 

This ESI(+) TIC, however, is dominated by strong and broad signals that eluted between 17 and 31 min, neither observable under APCI(+/—) nor ESI(-) conditions. Even under gradient RP-C18 conditions a strong tailing effect was observed while isocratic RP-C18 failed. The information obtained by ESI—LC—MS(+) was that the compounds could be ionised in the form of [M]+ ions at m/z 230, 258 and 286. ESI-LC-MS-MS(+) resulted in product ion spectra which, by means of a MS-MS library, were found to be characteristic for the amphoteric amine oxide surfactants. These compounds not yet observed in household formulations will be presented later on with the RIC of LC separation (cf. Fig. 2.5.11(d)). After identification as amine oxides, the separation and detection of this compound mixture now could be achieved by an isocratic elution using a PLRP-column and methane sulfonic acid and ESI(+) ionisation with the result of sharp signals (RT = 4-6 min) as presented in Fig. 2.5.11(d). 

J.J. Rang, C.A. Miller, H.H. Hoffmann, and C. Thunig Behavior of Hydrocar-bon/Alcohol Drops Injected into Dilute Solutions of an Amine Oxide Surfactant. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 35, 3233 (1996). 

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An amine oxide surfactant solution can be modeled as a binary mixture of cationic and nonionic surfactants, the composition of which is varied by adjusting the pH. The cationic and nonionic moieties form thermodynamically nonideal mixed micelles, and a model has been developed which quantitatively describes the variation of monomer and micelle compositions and concentrations with pH and... 

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