Sodium chlorate dichromate

Benzoquinone ( quinone ) is obtained as the end product of the oxidation of aniline by acid dichromate solution. Industrially, the crude product is reduced with sulphur dioxide to hydroquinone, and the latter is oxidised either with dichromate mixture or in very dilute sulphuric acid solution with sodium chlorate in the presence of a little vanadium pentoxide as catalyst. For the preparation in the laboratory, it is best to oxidise the inexpensive hydroquinone with chromic acid or with sodium chlorate in the presence of vanadium pent-oxide. Naphthalene may be converted into 1 4-naphthoquinone by oxidation with chromic acid. 

Chromium Removal System. Chlorate manufacturers must remove chromium from the chlorate solution as a result of environmental regulations. During crystallization of sodium chlorate, essentially all of the sodium dichromate is recycled back to the electrolyzer. Alternatively, hexavalent chromium, Cr, can be reduced and coprecipitated in an agitated reactor using a choice of reducing agents, eg, sodium sulfide, sulfite, thiosulfate, hydrosulfite, hydrazine, etc. The product is chromium(III) oxide [1333-82-0] (98—106). Ion exchange and solvent extraction techniques have also... 

MRH Ammonium nitrate 3.97/84, chromium trioxide 3.01/81, hydrogen peroxide 6.36/68, nitric acid 5.84/61, potassium dichromate 1.59/tr., sodium chlorate 6.07/69, sodium nitrate 3.18/68... 

A technique of developing Aniline Black directly on the fiber was found by Lightfoot in the period between 1860 and 1863. In accordance with this process, the fiber is soaked with aniline, aniline hydrochloride, and sodium chlorate in the presence of an oxidation catalyst (e.g., ammonium vanadate, potassium hexa-cyanoferrate(II)). The compound is developed at 60 to 100°C and then oxidized further with sodium chromate. It should be noted, however, that Perkin had already synthesized a black compound which he called Aniline Black as early as 1856. He oxidized aniline (containing toluidine) with potassium dichromate and separated Aniline Violet from the resulting black mixture (Aniline Black). 

Modern methods of manufacturing this probably oldest representative among synthetic organic pigments involve dissolving aniline in strong sulfuric acid. Oxidation is achieved with sodium dichromate in the presence of a copper salt or one of the above-mentioned oxidation catalysts. Oxidation with sodium chlorate initially affords an indamine polymer (pernigraniline) ... 

Palladium(II) oxide, 4825 Palladium(IV) oxide, 4835 Perchloric acid, 3998 Periodic acid, 4425 Permanganic acid, 4434 Peroxodisulfuric acid, 4482 Peroxodisulfuryl difluoride, 4328 Peroxomonosulfuric acid, 4481 Peroxytrifluoroacetic acid, 0666 Platinum hexafluoride, 4371 Platinum(IV) oxide, 4836 Plutonium hexafluoride, 4372 Potassium bromate, 0255 Potassium chlorate, 4017 Potassium dichromate, 4248 Potassium iodate, 4619 Potassium nitrate, 4650 Potassium nitrite, 4649 Potassium perchlorate, 4018 Potassium periodate, 4620 Potassium permanganate, 4647 Rhenium hexafluoride, 4373 Rubidium fluoroxysulfate, 4309 Ruthenium(VIII) oxide, 4862 Selenium dioxide, 4838 Selenium dioxide, 4838 Silver permanganate, 0021 Sodium chlorate, 4039 Sodium chlorite, 4038 Sodium dichromate, 4250 Sodium iodate, 4624 Sodium nitrate, 4721 Sodium nitrite, 4720... 

The effect of humidity on combustibility of various mixtures of organic matter and sodium chlorate was studied. Addition of a proportion of hygroscopic material (calcium or magnesium chlorides) effectively reduces the hazard. Similar effects were found for sodium dichromate and barium chlorate. 

Sodium chlorate, 4033 Sodium chlorite, 4032 Sodium dichromate, 4244 Sodium iodate, 4619 Sodium nitrate, 4716 Sodium nitrite, 4715 Sodium perchlorate, 4034 Sodium permanganate, 4698 Sodium peroxide, 4797 Sodium peroxodisulfate, 4803 f Sulfur, 4891 Sulfur trioxide, 4843 Sulfuric acid, 4473... 

Sodium chlorate (NaC103) is manufactured by the electrolysis of saturated, acidulated brine mixed with sodium dichromate to reduce the corrosive action of the hypochlorous acid present (Fig. 1). 

For optimum operation, the cell temperature is maintained at 65-75°C with a pH of 6.9. Current efficiencies of over 90 percent have been reported with a power consumption of 4500-5800 kWhr per metric ton of sodium chlorate produced. Coated titanium metal anodes and steel cathodes are used, and small amounts of dichromate are added to the cell liquor to prevent the cathodic reduction of chlorate and hypochlorite. The cell liquor contains about 50 percent NaC103, which may be used as is, or evaporated to 75 percent... 

Bleaching powder Sodium chlorite Sodium chlorate Potassium chlorate Barium chlorate Silver chlorate Ignition Ignition Ignition Ignition Ignition Ignition Sodium chromate Potassium chromate Ammonium dichromate Sodium dichromate Potassium dichromate Barium peroxide Smoke Smoke Smoke Smoke Smoke Smoke to... 

Metal salts MRH Potassium dichromate 2.97/66, potassimn permanganate 3.18/67, sodium chlorate 2.34/85, sodium nitrate 1.34/56... 

Both Nigiosine and Acid Black 2 are mixtures, and the structures shown are only typical components. The purer azine dyes of this structure are prepared by controlled stepwise synthesis by reaction of an azobenzene with aniline and aniline hydrochloride. Nigrosine, prepared by oxidizing aniline and aniline hydrochloride with nitrobenzene in the presence of ferric chloride, is similar in structure to nongreening Aniline Black [13007-86-8] (Cl Pigment Black 1 Cl 50440) (10), prepared by oxidizing aniline and aniline hydrochloride with dichromate or sodium chlorate in the presence of an oxygen carrier such as a copper, vanadium, or iron salt. Aniline blacks are prepared in the dyebath with the material to be dyed. 

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