Synthetic organic pigments

1 Phthalocyanine pigments. Discovered in 1928, the copper phthalo-cyanine pigment Monastral Blue was introduced in 1935 by ICI. The pigment 

Finally ring closure occurs to give the pigment. Reaction conditions and those of after-treatment are of first importance in obtaining a physical form which will maximize the hue and other properties of the CuPc these steps are described as conditioning . 

2 Pigments comparable with CuPc. The high standard set by CuPc has resulted in intensive research by the major dye concerns and a full palette is now available (Table 2.19). 

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Table 1. Selected Commercial Synthetic Organic Pigments...

The first synthetic organic pigments were used to shade or tone the weaker colorants and became known as toners. Metal toners usually contain one sulfonic acid group and often a carboxyUc acid group. The pigment is rendered iasoluble, ie, laked Ai a heavy metal cation. An example of a calcium salt is Lithol Rubine BK [5858-81-1] Vhl) (Cl Pigment Red 57 Cl 15850). 

Synthetic organic pigments, 19 418-422t history of, 19 423-424 Synthetic organic polymers, manufactured fibers based on, 24 616-618 Synthetic polyamide fibers, dyeing, 9 188-191, 469-470... 

Historically, lakes refered to the first type of synthetic organic pigments made from water soluble dyes by precipitation onto alumina hydrate (aluminium hydroxide). 

Modern methods of manufacturing this probably oldest representative among synthetic organic pigments involve dissolving aniline in strong sulfuric acid. Oxidation is achieved with sodium dichromate in the presence of a copper salt or one of the above-mentioned oxidation catalysts. Oxidation with sodium chlorate initially affords an indamine polymer (pernigraniline) ... 

Of all synthetic organic pigments, the azo compounds are by far the most important, making up 48% of the total. Some 66 million lb are made each year in the U.S. Second in importance are the phthalocyanines, produced at the 33 million lb level. By color, red, blue, and yellow pigments are all equally important. 

Fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) has been applied to the identification of diterpenoid compounds and their oxidation products. Similarly, laser-induced desorption mass spectrometric (LDMS) techniques have been applied to the identification of natural and synthetic organic pigments in microscopic paint samples prepared as cross sections [60]. 

Both, natural pigments and synthetic organic pigments and dyestuffs have been treated in numerous publications. The fine-resolution of spectra by differentiation makes this technique a particularly powerful tool for identification and for verifying quality and purity (Table 5-16 and 5-26). 

Investigations of synthetic organic pigments in DMSO solutions, thin layers, and reflection 278... 

Thlsky 1987 4 Synthetic organic pigments in thin layers 276... 

Talsky 1987 1-6 Synthetic organic pigments in DMSO solutions developed TLC spots 276... 

With Maja Ristid-Solajic. Higher-Order Reflectance Derivative Spectrophotometry of Synthetic Organic Pigments in Artists Paints . Anal. Chim. Acta 226, (1989) 293-304. 

Pigment. Synthetic organic pigments are inert, stable, coloured substances insoluble in water and organic solvents, such as the oils commonly used as vehicles in paint manufacture. They are used also in the mass coloration of plastics. Physical form is of paramount importance in ensuring maximum colouring power and reflectance. 

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