Soap perfumes

Benzyl Chloride. Benzyl chloride is manufactured by high temperature free-radical chlorination of toluene. The yield of benzyl chloride is maximized by use of excess toluene in the feed. More than half of the benzyl chloride produced is converted by butyl benzyl phthalate by reaction with monosodium butyl phthalate. The remainder is hydrolyzed to benzyl alcohol, which is converted to ahphatic esters for use in soaps, perfume, and davors. Benzyl salicylate is used as a sunscreen in lotions and creams. By-product benzal chloride can be converted to benzaldehyde, which is also produced directiy by oxidation of toluene and as a by-product during formation of benzoic acid. By-product ben zotrichl oride is not hydrolyzed to make benzoic acid but is allowed to react with benzoic acid to yield benzoyl chloride. 

The use of high concentrations of vanillin in soap perfumery can cause discoloring effects over time, dark or black spots appear on the soap and foaming power is reduced. In some cases, however, the use of Rhodiarome ethylvanillin is possible, because ethylvanillin [121 -32-4] does not cause the same discoloration problems and, being at least three times more powerful than vanillin, can be used alone. Some surprising cases show that with oak or tree mosses and large amounts of methyl ionones, the soap perfume may look fine and have a low discoloration, and yet over time vanillin crystals can appear on the soap itself. 

Benzyl alcohol, [100-51 -6] C H CH20H (bp, 205.4°C at 101.3 kPa), produced by the hydrogenation of benzaldehyde is used in color photography as a parenteral solution preservative as a general solvent and as an intermediate in the manufacture of various benzoate esters for the soap, perfume, and flavor industries (see Benzyl alcohol and P-phenethyl alcohol). 

Benzylacetone, [2550-26-7] CgH CH2CH2COCH2 (bp, 233—234°C at 101.3 kPa) is produced by condensing acetone and benzaldehyde, followed by selective hydrogenation, and is used in soap perfumes. 

Cinnamaldehyde, [14371-10-9] CgH CH=CHCHO (bp, 253°C at 101.3 kPa), produced by the alkaline condensation of benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde is the main ingredient in cassia oil. It is used in soap perfumes and as an intermediate in the production of other flavor and fragrance compounds. 

In the soap, perfume, and flavor industries benzyl alcohol is primarily used in the form of its aUphatic esters. Benzyl benzoate [120-51-4] finds widespread use as a fragrance diluent. Benzyl alcohol is frequently employed in bar soap fragrances at 30—40 wt % of the fragrance. Benzyl alcohol is commercially available in five grades (Table 2). 

Ethyl Cinnamate.—The cinnamic ester of ethyl alcohol is a natural constituent of a few essential oils, including camphor oil and storax. It is formed synthetically by condensing cinnamic acid and ethyl alcohol by dry hydrochloric acid gas. It has a soft and sweet odour, and is particularly suitable for blending in soap perfumes. It is an oil at ordinary temperatures, melting at 12°, and boiling at 271°. Its specific gravity is 1 0546, and its refractive index 1 5590. 

This acid, CgHj. CH COOH, is a sweet-smelling substance, especially recommended for sweetening soap perfumes. It occurs in neroli oil, and has a sweet honey-like odour. It is formed by converting toluene into benzyl chloride which is converted into benzyl cyanide, which is digested with dilute sulphuric acid, and so converted into phenyl-acetic acid. It is a crystalline body, melting at 76° to 76 5° and Iwiling at 266°. It has been isolated from oil of neroli. 

Used in the manufacture of piperonal used to modify oriental perfumes used to strengthen soap perfumes used in small quantities, together with methyl salicylate, in root beer and sarsaparilla flavours also used as a pesticide. 

Acetals derived from aliphatic aldehydes have odor characteristics that resemble those of the aldehydes but are less pronounced. These acetals contribute to the aroma of alcoholic beverages, but can rarely be used in flavoring compositions because they are not sufficiently stable. Since they are resistant to alkali, a number of them (e.g., heptanal dimethyl acetal and octanal dimethyl acetal) are occasionally incorporated into soap perfumes. 

C12H26O3, Mr 218.34, iy i.6kPa 131 °C, df 0.931, Up 1.4419, is a colorless liquid with a weak, flowery odor. Since the acetal is stable to alkali, it is used occasionally in soap perfumes. 

Geranylacetone is an intermediate in the synthesis of other fragrance substances. It is used in perfumery in rose compositions, for example, in soap perfumes. 

The number of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing derivatives of acyclic terpenoids that are known to be important fragrance and flavor substances is smaller than in the nonterpenoid aliphatic series discussed in Section 2.1.6. However, a few nitriles are used in rather large amounts in soap perfumes because of their relatively high stability toward alkali. 

Compound (3) can be used either in a pure state or as a mixture with its byproduct (4) in perfume compositions and soap perfumes. 

Uses. Phenethyl alcohol is used frequently and in large amounts as a fragrance material. It is a popular component in rose type compositions, but it is also used in other blossom notes. It is stable to alkali and, therefore, ideally suited for use in soap perfumes. 

Cinnamaldehyde is used in many compositions for creating spicy and oriental notes (e.g., soap perfumes). It is the main component of artificial cinnamon oil. In addition, it is an important intermediate in the synthesis of cinnamic alcohol and dihydrocinnamic alcohol. 

C10H12O, Mr 148.20, pioi.3kPa 233-234°C, df- 0.9849, Up 1.5110, has been identified as a volatile component of cocoa. Benzylacetone is a sweet-flowery smelling liquid, which can be prepared by selective hydrogenation of benzylidene acetone (from benzaldehyde and acetone). It is used in soap perfumes. 

Methyl cinnamate is a colorless crystalline solid mp 36.5 °C) with a fruity, sweet-balsamic odor. In addition to the common esterification methods, it can be prepared by Claisen condensation of benzaldehyde and methyl acetate in the presence of sodium. Methyl cinnamate is used in soap perfumes, as well as in blossom and oriental perfumes, and is sometimes added to aromas. 

It is a colorless liquid or a crystalline solid mp 26.8 °C) with an odor reminiscent of geranium leaves. Diphenyl ether is obtained as a byproduct in the production of phenol by high-pressure hydrolysis of chlorobenzene. Because of its stability and low price, diphenyl ether is used in large quantities in soap perfumes. However, its main application is as a heat-transfer medium (eutectic mixture with diphenyl). FCT 1974 (12) p.707. 

The (3-naphthyl alkyl ethers described below are used in perfumery, especially in soap perfumes. The ethers are prepared by 6>-alkylation of /3-naphthol. They have not been observed in nature. 

Hydroquinone dimethyl ether is prepared by etherification of hydroquinone and is used in soap perfumes. 

R = CH2CH2CH(CH3)2, C12H16O3, M, 208.26, bp2 151-152X, df 1.0535, nf 1.5065, has been found in a number of fruit aromas. It is a colorless liquid with a sweet, clover-like odor and is used in perfumery for floral and herbal notes, particularly in soap perfumes. 

Uses. Coumarin is one of the most widely used fragrance materials. It is used in fine fragrances as well as in soap perfumes for spicy green notes. It is also used in galvanization as a brightener. 

The major components of elemi oil are limonene (40-72%), a-phellandrene (10-24%), and the sesquiterpene alcohol elemol (1-25%) [488-491]. Both the resinoid and the oil have a fresh, citrus-like, peppery odor and are used predominantly in soap perfumes. (FCT 1976 (14) p. 755 [8023-89-0] (oil), [9000-74-2] (resin). 

Gurjun balsam oil and gurjun balsams are used for their good fixative properties, e.g., in soap perfumes and serve also as a starting material for the production of guaiazulene. FCT 1976 (14) p.789, p. 791 [50J0-55-5]. 

All three oils are used primarily in soap perfumes considerable quantities are also employed in eau de cologne and in bath products. FCT 1976 (14) p.447 [8022-15-9], [91722-69-9], [93455-96-0] abrial, [93455-97-1] grosso. 

Ylang-ylang Extra and I are used mostly in fine fragrances ylang-ylang II and III are employed in soap perfumes. FCT 1974 (12) p. 1015 [8006-81-3], [83863-30-3]. 

Caryophyllene (190) is the main constituent (> 50%) of Copaiba (balsam) oils, which are obtained by steam distillation of the exudate (balsam) from the trunk of several species of Copaifera L. (Fabaceae), a genus of trees growing in the Amazon basin [26]. Copaiba balsam oils and balsams are used mainly as fixatives in soap perfumes. 

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