Copaiba balsam oils

Copaiba (balsam) oils are obtained by steam distillation of the exudate (balsam) from the trunk of several species of Copaifera L. (Fabaceae), a genus of trees growing in the Amazon basin. They are colorless to light yellow liquids with the characteristic odor of the corresponding balsams and an aromatic, slightly bitter, pungent taste. 

Cedarwood Oil, Copaiba Balsam Oil and Gurjun Balsam Oil.—These volatile oils lend themselves readily to the adulteration of many essential oils, owing to their cheapness and slight odour. 

The d-sesquiterpene of West Indian sandalwood oil and of African copaiba balsam oil. 

The investigattou sho ved that the iirsc rutmin" of African copaiba balsam oil contain a l vo-rotatory sesquitcipcQC, vhioh, although differing materially frorn cadinene m regard to its physical properties,... 

Copaiba Oil occurs as a colorless to slightly yellow liquid with the characteristic odor of copaiba balsam and an aromatic, slightly bitter and pungent taste. It is the volatile oil obtained by steam distillation of copaiba balsam, an exudate from the trunk of various South American species of Copaifera L. (Fam. Leguminosae). It is soluble in alcohol, in most fixed oils, and in mineral oil. It is insoluble in glycerin and practically insoluble in propylene glycol. 

Copaiba balsam from Brazil and Venezuela (d 0.94-0.99) is a viscous hquid used in varnishes and lacquers as an odor fixative and in manufacture of photographic paper. It is the source of copaiba oil. 

Imitation Balsam of Copaiba. Balsam of Canada. 8 pounds yellow resin, 2 pounds castor oil, 3 pounds oil of juniper, i ounce essential oil of almonds, 15 drops oil of savine, 20 drops. As above. 

Beduced Balsam of Coimiba, Balsam of copaiba, 4 pounds castor oil, 3 pounds mix. Or Balsam of copaiba. 7 pounds castor oil, 4 pound.s yellow resin, 2 pounds. Or Equal parts of balsam of copaiba and balsam of Canada mixed together. Or To tho last add 2 pounds of Venice turpentine. Or Balsams of Canlula am I copai bo, and nut or castor oil, cyellow resin, 2 pounds balsam of Canada, 1 pound. Tho above arc tho forms for tho reduction of copaiba balsam, that have from time to time been circulated in tho dnig trade. For the mode of distinguishing such compounds from tho pure balsam, see next receipt. 

Dr. Hager recommends the following simple mode as very reliable for detecting adulteration of copaiba balsam with turnontino oil 5 or 6 drops of water and about 1 urachm of the balsam arc mixed in a small porcelain dish with as much litharge as will mako a thin ointment. This mass, at the common summer temperature, exhales tho characteristic odor of oil of turpeutine, even if tho balsam is adulterated with only 10 per cent, of tho oil. 

Copaiba. Belsam copaiba balsam capivi Jesuit s balsam. Oleoresin from South American species of Copai-jm (Copaiba). Leguminosac. Habit. Brazil] Venezuela, Colombia, especially the Amazon valley and banks of Orinoco. Constit. Volatile oil. resin illuric and metacopaivic Kid (in Maracaibo balsam) copai vie and oxycopaivic acids (in Para balsam). Brief description of balsam copaiba and its constituents J. A. Wenninger et at-, J- Assoc. Offic. Anal. Ch m. 50, 1304 (1967) D. L, J. Opdyke Food Cosmer. Taxied, 4, 687 (1976) of copaiba oil idem, ibid, 11 1075... 

Oil nf Cepaiba. Volatile oil from copaiba balsam, usually Maracaibo. Constit. Chiefly caryophyllene and cedinene. 

Synonyms Caryophyllene (-)-trans-Caryophyllene 8-Methylene-4,11,1 l-(trimethyl) bicycle (7.2.0) undec-4-ene trans-(1R,9S)-8-Methylene-4,11,11 -trimethylbicycio [7.2.0] undec-4-ene 4,11,11-Trimethyl-8-methylene, bicycle [7.2.0] unclec-4-ene Definition A mix of sesquiterpenes occurring in many essential oils (clove oil, lavender oil, cinnamon leaves, copaiba balsam)... 

Copaiba balsam. See Balsam copaiba (Copaifera officinalis) oil Balsam copaiba (Copaifera officinalis)... 

The presence of gurjun balsam oil in copaiba oil may be confirmed by the preparation of gurjene ketone semi-carbazone. The oil is fractionated under 10 to 12 mm. pressure. The portion boiling above 145 is rejected. The lower fractions are oxidised with potassium permanganate in acetone solution. The semi-carbazone melts at 234 C. and has a specific rotation + 317 in chloral hydrate solution. 

The so-called wood oil or gurjun balsam oil is the product of the distillation of the oleo-resin from several species of Dipterocarpus. Gurjun balsam resembles copaiba in its general characters, and is often used to adulterate the latter drug. On distillation from 45 to 70 per cent, of essential oil is obtained, which has the following characters —... 

The oleoresin and oil have occasionally been used in pharmaceutical preparations (diuretics, cough medicines, etc.). Both copaiba balsam and oil are widely used in cosmetic preparations (soaps, bubble baths, detergents, creams, lotions, and perfumes), the former primarily as a fixative and the latter as a fragrance component. Maximum use level of the oil or oleoresin in perfumes is 0.8%. 

Mainly the oil. A number of adulterants have been reported in commercial supplies, including guijun balsam oil, copaiba balsam oU, cedarwood oil, and others. ... 

The principal adiili -ratioas of copaiba sad Its oil are the correspoading haUaniS and oils knowm us. African copaiba (probably obtained from O.n/stiqnui Mannii and gurjun balsam). 

Those wliich yield a volatile oil on being distilled with water, aud leave an add resin, or rather several resins possessed of add properties, in tlio retort. To this class belong the several turpentine resins, balsam of copaiba, et cetera,... 

Santalol (90-98%) Cedarwood, gurjun balsam, copaiba and castor oils... 

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