SLI batteries

The major types of lead-acid batteries are SLI batteries, deep-cycle batteries, stationary batteries, and VRLA batteries. 

A cranking amps (CA) test, CCA test, and reserve capacity (RC) test are the most common tests done on SLI batteries  

CA is a rating used to describe the discharge load in amperes. The test is conducted with a new, fully charged battery at 0°C or 32°F to determine if the battery can continuously deliver for 30 seconds, while maintaining a terminal voltage equal or greater than 1.2 V per cell. It is sometimes referred to as marine cranking amps. 

SLI batteries are not suitable for deep discharge functions like a deep-cycle battery is and vice versa. An SLI battery will not last in deep cycle because the thin sponge-like plates would quickly dissolve with repeated deep cycling. Combination starter/deep-cycle batteries are available for trucks, buses, and public safety and military vehicles, but these units are big and heavy. Table 1.13 compares the typical life of starter and deep-cycle batteries when deep cycled [6]. 

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Industrial Consumption. The total consumption of primary antimony fell during the period from 1970 to 1986 (Table 3) because of the declining demand for antimony in most types of metallic uses. Since 1986, the demand for primary antimony in antimonial lead has increased, probably because of an increase in demand for starting—lighting—ignition (SLI) batteries. Total consumption in nonmetallic uses has remained stable. However, an increasing proportion of this is made up of flame retardant uses. Currendy, batteries and flame retardants are the two largest markets for antimony. 

Demand for high performance SLI batteries has led to the development of smaller, lighter batteries that require less maintenance. The level of antimony is being decreased from the conventional 3—5% to 1.75—2.75% to minimise the detrimental effects. Lead alloys that contain no antimony have also been introduced. Hybrid batteries use a low antimony—lead alloy in the positive plate and a calcium—lead alloy in the negative plate. 

The case is the largest portion of the container. The case is divided into compartments which hold the cell elements. The cores normally have a mud-rest area used to collect shed soHds from the battery plates and supply support to the element. Typical materials of constmction for the battery container are polypropylene, polycarbonate, SAN, ABS, and to a much lesser extent, hard mbber. The material used in fabrication depends on the battery s appHcation. Typical material selections include a polypropylene—ethylene copolymer for SLI batteries polystyrene for stationary batteries polycarbonate for large, single ceU standby power batteries and ABS for certain sealed lead—acid batteries. 

Applying this to the above example for an area of 1 in2 = 6.45 cm2, the result is R= 8.8 mQ in2. Taking an example from SLI battery practice one cell with six positive and seven negative electrodes of typical 114 mm x 147 mm size with the above separator show a resistance of 28.3x10 6Q at 25°C, or close to 75xl0 Q at -18 °C. For a cold crank current of 320 A and six cells in series in a 12 V battery, the voltage drop due to the separator resistance amounts to w 0.15 V Fig. 5 shows this correlation. 

The dependence of separator electrical resistance on porosity for the selected SLI battery separator (0.25 mm backweb thickness) and the practical approximation T P = 1 can be seen in Fig. 6. 

Polyethylene pocket separators Sintered PVC/ Rubber separators Cellulosic/ Glass separators Synth, pulp / GM separators VRLA SLI Batteries Total... 

Mn02 in KOH 118 standard profiles, separators 262 starter battery separators 252 f, 258 f starter light ignition (SLI) batteries 2 stationary battery separators 254... 

SLI batteries (starting, lighting and ignition) 100-600 Wh Cars, trucks, buses, tractors, lawn mower traction... 

SLI batteries are also supplied in a dry charged state and are activated simply by filling with electrolyte. Plates for such batteries have extra additives, such as antioxidants in the negative active mass, and forming is followed by one of a number of controlled drying processes. 

Three main types of battery will be briefly described SLI batteries,... 

Fig. 5.10 Cut-away diagram of typical SLI battery. (By courtesy of Magncti Marelli.)...

For vehicles used in rugged terrain, batteries with tubular positive plates are required. As discussed above, SLI batteries are sometimes supplied in a dry charged state, especially for markets where a long shelf life is needed. 

Motive power batteries are generally of higher quality than SLI batteries. Their most important characteristics are constant output voltage, high volumetric capacity at relatively low unit cost, good resistance to vibration and a long service life. Since electric motors used for motive power require... 

SLI battery A battery of usually 12 or 24 V used for starting, lighting and ignition in vehicles with internal combustion engines. 

Under low-temperature conditions, the battery will rarely achieve a full SoC. In fact, the specifications laid down in the various standards do not represent the duty the SLI battery has to serve in a modern automobile. For advanced vehicle electrical systems, which may be a motivation for new battery technologies like the VRLA, it is essential to know the expected operating condition in order to evaluate alternative energy-storage technologies. 

Although hard-rubber containers had been used for many decades (Fig. 12.8), polypropylene (PP) containers and lids, manufactured by injection moulding, became standard from about the 1960s (Figs. 12.1, 12.5). Therefore, at the beginning of the 21st century, the standard SLI battery in a new car still uses the same... 

The standard SLI battery in a new car at the beginning of the 21st century is not only significantly different in design from that of earlier decades, but it must also ... 

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