Reserve capacity

The wisest fan choice is frequently not the cheapest fan. A small fan operates well on its curve but may not have adequate capacity for maximum flow control, future needs, or process upset conditions. It may be so lightly constmcted that it is operating near its peak speed with no provision for speed increases in the future, if needed. As fan size is increased, efficiency generally improves and wheel speed is lower. These factors decrease operating cost and provide reserve capacity for the future. However, it is also possible to oversize a fan and impair its performance. 

Drive Assemblies The drive assembly is the key component of a sedimentation unit. The drive assembly provides (1) the force to move the rakes through the thickened pulp and to move settled solids to the point of discharge, (2) the support for the mechanism which permits it to rotate, (3) adequate reserve capacity to withstand upsets andtem-poraiy overloads, and (4) a reliable control which protects the mechanism from damage when a major overload occurs. 

Note If the manufacturer can ascertain that a 100 h.p. frame has a reserve capacity such that at full load the temperature rise will not go beyond 60°C, the derating as calculated below will not be necessary. 

Flowever, motor manufacturers may adopt more flexible designs with more reserve capacity and better speed-torque characteristics to suit the requirements of a particular sector. These are particularly for installations where the distribution system may have wider voltage fluctuations or the load itself may have varying load demands. It is possible that the same motor may have to drive more than one type of loads at different times. An agricultural pump motor may be one such application where it may also have to drive a thrasher or a winnower at different times. A motor with higher flexibility would be more desirable for such applications. 

While making selection of even for a standard motor, it is generally not possible to exactly match the rating of the machine with the load. The motor may have some reserve capacity. 

During the administration of fluids, the newborn infant requires that one periodically assay for the various conq>onents discussed above, so as to see whether the fluids being administered are serving their purpose or need to be changed. The newborn infant does not have the reserve capacity that the adult has in being able to buffer and adjust for various problems which may arise during fluid therapy. For this reason, the newborn infant during acute treatment may require repetitive analyses, at relatively short intervals. Even when the condition is stabilized it is customary for the pediatrician to require analyses for electrolytes at periodic intervals for the security of the patient. 

The perhaps most important and easily ignored cause of secondary dysmotility is the drug-induced toxic type. Pharmaceuticals are important to consider, in particular those with anticholinergic and/or opioid properties [177]. In individuals with reduced reserve capacity of the gut, either due to concomitant disease or age, such drugs may... 

Stress susceptibility Loss of functional reserve capacity... 

The disposal pile should be as long as water depth permits in shallow water to provide maximum oil containment in event of malfunction and to minimize the possibility of sheen. In deep water, length is set to provide a safety- margin of reserve capacity after alarm and shutdown signals activate. 

IUGR) with elevated risk levels of these diseases (Lau Rogers, 2005). The basis of the association is believed to be that alterations in nutrient availability (or other environmental stressors) lead to short-term adaptive measures in the fetus (involving altered homeostatic set-points) that later result in metabolic disorders when the stressor is relieved. The metabolic alterations, in turn, then gradually contribute to increased risk with ageing. It is important to note that functional developmental toxicity may be evident only after long latency periods and may be difficult to ascertain due to the functional reserve capacity of many organ systems. 

Reduced fertility has been found for a number of chemicals, but often at relatively high exposure levels. However, it has to be considered that the rat is the most commonly used experimental animal and that a male rat can generally still produce normal progeny after having its sperm production reduced to 10% of the normal level (Aafjes et al., 1980). Thus, fertility data from rat studies alone can be a rather insensitive end-point. Human males may not have a similar sperm reserve capacity as rodents, and therefore the two-generation study has recently been updated to include assessment of sperm quality. It is unknown whether female rats (compared with human females) are also less sensitive to effects on fertility, but the two-generation study has recently been updated in that aspect by the inclusion of assessment of estrous cyclicity. 

Guckel FJ, Brix G, Schmiedek P et al (1996) Cerebrovascular reserve capacity in patients with occlusive cerebrovascular disease assessment with dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MR imaging and the acetazolamide stimulation test. Radiology 201 405-412... 

The threshold for toxic effects occurs at the point where the body s ability to detoxify a substance or repair toxic injury has been exceeded. For most organs there is a reserve capacity in such a way that the loss of some organ function does not decrease performance. For example, the development of cirrhosis in the liver may not result in a clinical effect until over 50% of the liver has been replaced by fibrous tissue. 

Roller pumps are among the least expensive and most widely nsed of all sprayer pumps. They provide moderate volumes (8 to 30 gpm) at low to moderate pressure (10 to 300 psi). Often used on low-pressure sprayers, roller pumps are positive-displacement, self-priming pnmps. The rollers, made of nylon, teflon, or rubber, wear rapidly in wettable powders but are replaceable. A pump that will be subjected to such wear should have a capacity at least 50 percent greater than that needed to supply the nozzles and agitator. This reserve capacity will extend the life of the pump. The pump case is usually cast iron or a nickel alloy. Roller pumps are best for emulsifiable concentrates, soluble powders, and other nonabrasive pesticide formulations (Figure 14B). 

Including consideration of acid/alkali reserve capacity, if appropriate. 

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