Metabolites progesterone

There are now indications for the interaction of progesterone metabolites with the Cl channel of the GABAa receptor (Fig. 52-7). The A-ring-reduced steroids, especially those with the 5a,3a configuration, are particularly active on the GABAa receptor [ 12]. By facilitating chloride-channel opening, these steroids produce anesthetic, anxiolytic and sedative-hypnotic effects (see Ch. 16). 

Frisoni GB, De Leo D, Rozzini R, et al Psychic correlates of sleep symptoms in the elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 7 891-898, 1992 Fritschy J, Benke D, Mertens S, et al 5 types of type A GABA receptors identified in neurons by double and triple immunofluorescence staining with subunit specific antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 6726-6730, 1992 Frye CA, Duncan JE Progesterone metabolites effective at the GABAa receptor complex attenuate pain sensitivity in rats. Brain Res 643 194-203, 1994 Erye CA, Cuevas CA, Crystal S, et al Diet and estrous cycle influence pain sensitivity in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 45 255-260, 1993 Erye PE, Arnold LE Persistent amphetamine-induced compulsive rituals response to pyridoxine (B6). Biol Psychiatry 16 583-587, 1981... 

Kavaliers M, Wiebe JP Analgesic effects of the progesterone metabolite, 3a-hydroxy-5a-pregnan-20-one, and possible modes of action. Brain Res 415 393-398, 1987... 

Steroids have been measured by GC-MS in umbilical cord blood, amniotic fluid, and infancy urine of affected infants, and almost no steroids are found [73]. Only traces of progesterone metabolites were detected. Serum samples from women carrying an LAH fetus have normal concentrations of progesterone metabolites, formed pla-centally, since this organ produces the hormone independently of the StAR protein mechanism. 

Biggio, F., Gorini, G., Caria, S., Murru, L., Mostallino, M. C., Sanna, E., and Follesa, P. (2006). Plastic neuronal changes in GABA(A) receptor gene expression induced by progesterone metabolites In vitro molecular and functional studies. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 84, 545-554. 

Acetyl derivatives prepared on the column by subsequent injection of anhydride were exploited by Anders and Mannering [346] for the characterization of some steroids by the peak shift technique. The simultaneous injection of an acetic anhydride—propionic anhydride mixture leads to the simultaneous formation of acetyl and propionyl derivatives. Chamberlain et al. [347] applied acetyl derivatives to the analysis of progesterone metabolites in urine. They performed the acetylation of substrates with acetic anhydride in pyridine at room temperature overnight and GC on a column packed with 6% QF-1 (250°), 5% SE-30 (250°C) or 3% NPGA (225°C). 

C6H6). It is a progesterone metabolite in urine during pregnancy. [See references below.]... 

The groups of steroids present will be discussed under the following headings 3j8-hydroxy-A steroids, progesterone and progesterone metabolites, cortisol and its metabolites, testosterone and the 17-OS, and the estrogens. 

Darcey and Evenson (D4) have compared GLC and the Zimmerman reaction in the analysis of total 17-ketosteroids in urine. Urinary 17-keto-steroid GLC patterns have been studied by Cawley et al. (C5), who noted the presence of several peaks with retention times shorter than those of 17-ketosteroids. A comparison of different methods of hydrolysis has been made by Curtius and Muller (C18) in their study of the GLC of 17-ketosteroids and progesterone metabolites of urine. The simultaneous determination by GLC of pregnanediol and pregnanolone in urinary extracts has been reported by Guarnieri and Barry (G8). GLC was found to be the method of choice in a study by Barry et al. (B2) of four methods for the quantitative analysis of pregnanediol in urine. 

C18. Curtius, H. C., and Miiller, M., Gas-liquid chromatography of 17-ketosteroids and progesterone metabolites of urine Comparison of different methods of hydrolysis. J. Chromaiog. 30, 410 27 (1967). 

Sayeed, L, Guo, Q., Hoffman, S. W. and Stein, D. G. Allopregnanolone, a progesterone metabolite, is more effective than progesterone in reducing cortical infarct volume after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Ann Emerg Med 47 (2006) 381-389. 

C 78.69%, H 11.32%, O 9.98%. Progesterone metabolite. Isoln from human pregnancy urine Beall, Biochem. J. 31, 35 (1937) from bulls urine Marker el at., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60, 2931 (1938). Prepn by reduction of 5 -pregn-l ene-3,20-diotie with lithium aluminum hydride Schiitt, Tamm, Helv, Chim. Acta 41, 1751 (1958). 

The gas-phase analytical techniques have been used for the analysis of urinary steroids for a long time. The determinations of urinary estrogens, progesterone metabolites, 17-ketosteroids and, to a lesser degree, corticosteroid metabolites, with packed-column GC are extensively documented in the earlier monographs on the subject [274,290]. Various sample treatments, approaches to conjugate hydrolysis, and volatile derivatives have been described. Among those steroids, aldosterone stands out as a uniquely difficult substance to derivatize and determine. 

Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Estrogen and Progesterone Metabolites in Human Pregnancy Urine Am. J. Med. Technol. 37(7) 279-291 (1971) CA 75 105867q... 

Progesterone Metabolites in Urine in Pregnancy by Gas Chromatography Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 46(3) 352-361 (1966) CA 65 20447g... 

Rapid Gas Chromatographic Assay for Progesterone Metabolites in Urine Clin. Biochem. 6(4) 307-320 (1973) ... 

In their first days of life, neonates excrete large amounts of placental estrogen and progesterone metabolites. Later, the excretion of these compounds decreases rapidly. The excretion of 3p hydroxy-5-ene steroids, produced by the fetal zone of the adrenal glands, decreases from birth to the fourth month of life from 10.3 to 2.8 mg/day. The excretion of the metabolites of cortisol, which is a product of the adult zone of the adrenal glands, increases from 0.9 to 2.1 mg/day (Table 3). The fraction of free and glucuronidated steroids from a healthy newborn contains predominantly cortisol metabolites. It is characteristic for this period of time that cortisol metabolites show ip-, 6a-, and 6p hydroxyl groups, except tetrahydrocortisone (THE) (see Fig. 3a). 

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