Ship s crew

A tank ship loaded a cargo of liquid sulfur (temperature 260°- 280°F) (127°- 138°C) on to a heel of crude oil. The reaction between liquid sulfur and petroleum generates toxic gases, including hydrogen sulfide, carbon disulfide and sulfur dioxide. The ship s crew was hospitalized and the ship, seeking a port of refuge, was denied entrance to several harbors until the reaction had run to completion as the sulfur cooled and eventually solidified. 

The general design considerations for a ship-of-opportunity towed vehicle, such as UOR Mark 2, require that it be small, lightweight, robust, and stable at speeds up to 10 m/s (20 knots). It must be easily and safely launched and recovered by unsupervised, nonscientist, ship s crew while the vessel is underway at full speed. The data logger and sensors should be small and reliable, have low electrical power consumption, and be capable of unattended operation for periods up to 1 day. 

Initial response action can be carried out by the ship s crew, whose effectiveness depends on their professional competence and that of the captain. It may be excellent, as seen during the Multitank Ascania (Great Britain) incident before they abandoned ship, or a disaster, as seen in the incident during the unloading of the sulfuric acid from the Bahamas (Brazil). 

SHOLIS (Chapman, 2000) is a software-based system that advises ship s crew on the safety of helicopter operations under various scenarios. The software was developed in accordance with DEF STAN 00-55 (Issue 2). A software hazard analysis was performed and on this basis certain parts of the software were designated as safety-critical. Safety critical software was formally specified using Z, developed in Spark Ada, and a partial correctness performed of the code against the specification. Information Flow analysis was used to demonstrate functional separation of critical and non-critical software. Freedom from run-time exceptions was demonstrated for all code. Static analysis of I/O usage, memory and timing was used to show separation of non-functional properties. Finally, proof that the system s top-level safety properties were maintained by the software was carried out. 

Schwartz, G. Reliability and SurvivabUity in the Reduced Ship s Crew By Virtual Presence System. Proceedings of the International Conference on Dependable Systems and Network, 2002,199-204. 

Torskiy V.G., Topalov V.P. 2011. Ship s crew management. Second ed. - Odessa, Astroprint, - 244 p. 

The ship s RP hull was up to 17.8 cm (7 in) thick in the thickest sections. No core materials were used. The glass-to-plastic ratio was 1 1. Final outfitting with gear and equipment resulted in a 55 m (188 ft) long warship that holds a crew of 44 people. 

The term vitamin is a misnomer, the name means vital amines, and while vitamins are essential for life they are not, as was originally supposed, amines. Most vitamins were discovered as a result of a deficiency disease produced by a restricted diet. Long voyages on sailing ships with a diet composed of ship s biscuit, dried beans, dried peas and salted meat produced scurvy. In the worst cases the whole crew were affected, but the ship s officers tended to be less severely affected. 

My new friend led me into the tiny dining room where the crew messed. The men ate shoulder to shoulder on wooden tables bolted to the deck. The horrific smell of so many men crammed together was 00) overpowering. We received our food from the ship s cook, a portly man in a filthy apron who, with the dirtiest hands I d ever seen, ladled us out a sort of stew. We found two open spots at a mess table and sat down to eat. The stew was lukewarm and the mysterious meat in it was so tough I could barely chew it. I managed to swallow a few spoonfuls (>>J and pushed my dish aside. 

There are countless ways for smugglers to conceal their shipments, and often a ship s captain and crew are not even aware that they are transporting the product. In addition, traffickers send their shipments through several ports to confuse customs officials and blur the product s country of origin. By the time the drug reaches its destination, even if it is discovered, the traffickers usually remain unknown. 

Infrared sensors are relatively inexpensive and widely used for supporting cleanup operations and directing cleanup crews to thicker portions of an oil spill. They are also often used on cleanup vessels. The oblique view from a ship s mast is often sufficient to provide useful information on where to steer the vessel for best oil recovery over a short range. 

Intercepted by IIMS Hyperion on 19 December 1939, the Columbus s crew scuttled their ship.. As special squads opened her sea cocks and lit fires aboard her, the remainder of her complement took to the boats. The black tops added to ber normal funnel colours are clearly seen in this picture. 

An armed port police squad were first through the airlock tube when it sealed. They rounded up Andre and the crew, detaining them on the bridge while a customs team examined the ship s life-support capsules from top to bottom. The search took two hours... 

Joshua had been given a place in the front pew, sitting next to lone. He hadn t had time to change out of his ship-suit, while she was dressed in some exquisitely elegant black dress complete with elaborate hat. At least the rest of the Lady Mac s crew shared his sartorial manner. 

Poor knowledge of the ship s systems. This is a frequent contributing factor to marine casualties because of difficulties faced by pilots and crews working on ships of various sizes, with different types of equipment, and carrying different cargoes. A study of a mariner survey reported that 78% of the mariners surveyed cited the lack of ship-specific knowledge to be a major problem [32]. 

The ship s safety is substantially affected by many factors including ship owner management quality, crew operation quality, enhanced survey programme, degree of machinery redundancy, fire-fighting capability, navigation equipment level, corrosion control and preventive maintenance policy. In order to identify the salient factors and interactions that cause excessive variations, a trial application of Taguchi methods is performed here to optimise each factor to attain the optimal safety for the ship. 

Various factors such as design features, ship owner management quality, crew operation quality, etc. have different degrees of influence on ship s overall safety performance throughout its life cycle. This will further be complicated when all these factors are evaluated simultaneously to obtain the optimised solution. The prime objective of this study is to identify the factors and their associated reasons for high risks and to suggest measures that would reduce the overall risk level of the ship. 

This would reduce the cost of inventory space, management, and insurance (it would also result in customers receiving fresher products where this is a factor). Furthermore, in applications where certificates of analysis are required prior to shipping or acceptance, time saved may translate into material holding and/or labor savings (e. g., for truck driver s or tanker crew s idle time awaiting authorization to depart). 

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