Loading and Shipping

The activities of loading and shipping containers are primarily the reverse of those already considered in receiving and emptying of containers therefore, required safety precautions will be much the same. 

The points made above relative to the safe handling and transport of containers also apply here. The special concerns in filling the containers relate to the material being handled and are covered by the following checklist  

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Storage. Phenol is shipped in dmms, tank tmcks, and tank cars. It is loaded and shipped at elevated temperatures as a bulk Hquid. In storage, phenol may acquire a yeUow, pink, or brown discoloration which makes it unusable for some purposes. The discoloration is promoted by the action of water, light, air, and catalysts, eg, traces of iron or copper. When stored as a solid in the original dmm or in nickel, glass-lined, or tanks lined with baked phenolic resin, phenol remains colorless for a number of weeks. 

Total product expense is the sum of the total manufacturing expense and the packaging, loading, and shipping expenses. 

Packaging, loading, and shipping charges—1 cent per kg of product... 

Warehouse management from receiving and picking product to load and ship product... 

In this study, only environmental loads such as wave, wind, and current were taken into consideration for estimation of the external loads applied to the PGS. Considering other types of environmental loads and accidental loads such as mooring loads and ship collisions would be required. 

The crystalline sodium chlorate is usually dried in rotary driers to less than 0.2 wt % moisture content and is loaded into shipping containers or stored in moisture-free bins or silos prior to packaging. For conventional chlorine dioxide generators, sodium chlorate is shipped as a solution containing ca 200 g/L (15 wt %, 3.4 M) sodium chloride ca 350 g/L (26 wt %, 3.3 M) sodium chlorate and 130 ppm chromium. Alternatively, for newer chlorine dioxide generators, 600 g/L sodium chlorate 30 g/L sodium chloride and less than 30 ppm chromium is used. 

Boottop and Freeboard Areas. The boottop is that part of the hull that is immersed when the ship is loaded and exposed when the ship is empty. The freeboard is the area from the upper limit of the boottop to the main deck. The boottop suffers mechanical damage from tugs, piers, and ice. 

Stainless steel or epoxy-lined tank cars and tank tmcks are recommended for shipping. Aluminum also has been used. The tank can be flushed with carbon dioxide before loading and blanketed with nitrogen after loading. Dmm shipments are recommended in epoxy-lined open-head dmms fitted with a bung. Dimer acids and their by-products contaminated with iron or copper show accelerated color deterioration. Exposure to these metals or their salts should be minimised. 

Considerable stray currents can, of course, be caused by dc-driven cranes that load and unload ships where the rails act as the return conductor for the current. The rails run parallel to the harbor basin, quay walls of steel-reinforced concrete or steel piling walls. These can take up a large part of the stray current and conduct it further because of their small longitudinal resistance. Noticeable stray current inter-... 

Truck unloading stations, barge, ship, or railcar loading and unloading stations grain and rack dryers and handling operations. Source Pahl, D., /. Air PoIIut. Control Assoc. 33, 468-482 (1983). 

Controls for the safe transfer of ehemieals between ship and shore will vary in detail. The eseape of dust and vapour should be minimized when loading and unloading of bulk liquids or solids and persons should not be at risk. Preeautions to avoid eontaet with water are needed when transferring water-ineompatible materials (page 229). Preeautions for handling explosives inelude ... 

This hook does not provide specific recommendations for maritime operations (e.g., ship and harge loading and nnloading). The reqnire-ments for these are covered in the U.S. Coast Gnard regnlations, which are ontlined in Section 2.3.1 and in Chapter 8. 

Cartoad tolerances shall not apply to orders less than a cartoad shipped from the mill. For any carload of pipe shipped from the mill to the final destination without transfer or removal from the car, the tolerance shall apply to each car. For any order consisting of more than a carload and shipped from the mill by rail, but not to the final destination in the rail cars loaded at the mill, the carload tolerances shall apply to the total order, but not to the individual carloads. 

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