Shell technology

FEAST [Further exploitation of advanced Shell technology] Not a single process but a range of processes for converting cyclic di-olefins into alpha-omega dienes. The catalyst is based on rhenium on alumina. Operated in France since 1986. 

Further Exploitation of Advanced Shell Technology (FEAST), 26 941 Fusain, 6 704... 

TerraTherm Environmental Services, Inc., a subsidiary of Shell Technology Ventures, Inc., has developed the in situ thermal desorption (ISTD) thermal blanket technology to treat or remove volatile and semivolatile contaminants from near-surface soils and pavements. The contaminant removal is accomplished by heating the soil in sim (without excavation) to desorb and treat contaminants. In addition to evaporation and volatilization, contaminants are removed by several mechanisms, including steam distillation, pyrolysis, oxidation, and other chemical reactions. Vaporized contaminants are drawn to the surface by vacuum, collected beneath an impermeable sheet, and routed to a vapor treatment system where contaminants are thermally oxidized or adsorbed. 

FEAST (further exploitation of advanced shell technology), another Shell process142-144 commercialized in 1986, utilizes a highly active promoted rhenium-on-alumina catalyst (100°C, 2 atm) to synthesize 1,5-hexadiene from 1,5-cyclo-octadiene [Eq. (12.30)] and 1,9-decadiene from cyclooctene [Eq. (12.31)] ... 

Shekhar Jain, Shell Technology India Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore 560048, India... 

Fluid-Bed Process Union Carbide and Shell technologies are combined in this process Two fluidized-bed reactors are used in series to produce impact-resistant polypropylene. As with other processes, reaction conditions are 50-100°C and 10-40 bar, with particle residence times between 1 and 4 hours. 

Styrene is manufactured nearly entirely by the direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene. Smaller amounts are obtained indirectly, as a co product, from the production of propy. lene oxide by the Oxirane and Shell technologies, industrialized in the United States, the Netherlands and Spain, and whose essential intermediate step is the formation of ethylbenzene hydroperoxide, or from the production of aniline, by a technique develop jn the USSR, which combines the highly exothermic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene with the highly endothermic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene. 

I to 5. 0 mol per mol of hydroperoxide. The presence of sodium naphtheoate, by prevenling side reaction, helps to reduce the excess propylene required (from lO/l to 2/1 in moles). In the Shell technology, epoxidation is catalyzed by metallic oxides (molybdenum, vanadium, titanium, etc.) supported on sih cau The liighiy exothe c reaction takes place around 100 to 130 at 3.5.10 Pa absolute. Hydroperoxide conver> sion is very hi (> 97 per cent). Propylene oxide molar selectivity exceeds 70 per cent and that of the styrene precursors 93 per cent As for propylene, its once-through conversion is about 15 per cent, for a oxide molar selectivity greater than 90 per cent, and the main by-products are dimers and heavier hydrocarbons. 

In the case of acrylic molding sheets and semi-fmished products, Wacker have elaborated a product concept based on silicone core-shell technology, which enables the manufacture of highly transparent particle-modified materials with improved RT and low-temperature (-40 C) impact resistance and high weatherability [4]. Other transparent plications (e.g., epoxy resins, polycarbonates) are showing encouraging results, too. 

Terminal dienes (also called a,w-diolefins) are useful in ADMET polymerization. The scheme below shows a number of processes that were patented by Shell Oil Company and were designed to produce terminal dienes. The name FEAST (Further Exploitation of Advanced Shell Technology) was coined to describe these reactions, most of which involve metathesis. Assume that the catalyst is a generic carbene complex, L M=CRR. Propose mechanisms for the transformations indicated by an asterisk near the reaction arrow. 

In 1997, Fina/Badger joined with Shell Technology Ventures, a subsidiary of Shell Oil Company, to develop a reheating technology called Flameless Distributed Combustion (FDC) for application in EB dehydrogena-tion.f ° Flameless Distributed Combustion technology is patented by Shell Oil Company and was originally used as a heat injector for enhanced recovery of hydrocarbons from subterranean formations. 

Propylene oxide (PO) is a versatile chemical intermediate used in a wide range of industrial and commercial products. Current world production is over 6 million metric torts a year. While several processes exist, the Shell Chemicals companies have derived a strong competitive advantage by using and continually developing their proprietary styrene monomer propylene oxide (SMPO) technology, a process in which propylene and ethylbenzene (EB) are converted into PO and styrene monomer (SM), respectively. Worldwide, there are now five world-scale SMPO plants based on Shell technology, the most recent one started up in 2006 in China. 

Starting from natural gas, a thermal efficiency of 60% for a stand-alone plant can be achieved by using Shell technology for both syngas manufacture and middle distillates synthesis. 

Low to none. Munition destruction is in double-walled detonation chamber in an external shell. Technology has track record of destroying conventional munitions safely. Ability to contain offgases following munition and agent destruction expected to be demonstrated during operation in Germany. 

The reactor temperatures range from 200 to 315°C and the pressure from 0.85 to 1.2. 106Pa absolute. The total molar yield is 60 to 65 per cent. Scientific Design also offers another version of its process using oxygen, Which is similar to the Shell technology described above. These two systems account for 55 per cent of all units currently in operation today. 

UOP/Shell BTX, purification Reformate, pyrolysis gasoline Shell Sulfolane process, Shell technology liquid/liquid extraction and/or extractive distillation with sulfolane solvent NA NA... 

There are many potential outlets for these kinds of product, viz. cross-linking agents, speciality (co)monomers, and starting materials in the preparation of various a,cu-disubstituted intermediates for the production of aroma chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural chemicals. The first commercial plant, operating under the name FEAST (Further Exploitation of Advanced Shell Technology), was opened in 1987 in Berre I Etang (France) and has a capacity of 3000 tons per year (Short 1987). 

Predesigned particles of impact modifiers are based on core-shell technology. Core is involved in impact modification and shell improves adhesion between PVC and impact modifier particles.Three major combinations are used methacrylate-butadiene-styrene, MBS, which has a core made out of butadiene-styrene copolymers and shell made out of methylmethacrylate-styrene copolymer, acrylic impact modifiers, AIM, which have a core made out of acrylic and shell from polymethylmethacrylate, and silicone-acrylic have multilayer structures with silicone-acrylic in the core. MBS has excellent compatibility with PVC, similar to ABS, which is used as an impact modifier of PVC, as well. In both cases of ABS and MBS, weather resistance is lacking, therefore they are used for indoor applications only. At the same time, MBS gives translucent to crystal clear products, whereas with AIM, only translucent products are possible. In order to improve optical properties of AIM, it has to be reformulated. For transparent products, the core is made out of acrylic-styrene copolymers. Comparing silicone and all acrylic impact modifiers, PVC containing silicone-based products has superior low temperature impact properties. The incorporation of silicone into an acrylic impact modifier provides excellent weatherability, and thermal stability. It has shown improved retention of impact after outdoor weathering in PVC. ... 

Recently, another type of stationary phase known as fused-core or core-shell technology came onto the market in 2007 and it provides similar performance to... 

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