Serum lipoprotein, table

Table 14.4 Serum ASAT, ALAT, creatinine, serum lipoproteins and oxidation kinetics before and after four week consumption of study breads ...

The information available in this polypeptide or these polyeptides is far from definitive. Controversy exists on size and molecular weight of the apo LDL monomers, their number, and chemical properties (Table 8). Also, the question of polypeptide heterogeneity has not been resolved this is not surprising in view of the difficulty of protein solubilization discussed earlier. At the time of this writing, apo LDL is the mostly poorly characterized protein of all serum lipoproteins. This apoprotein is... 

Utilizing the buoyant densities listed in Table II and the frictional ratio of 1.11, values for the sedimentation coefficient have been calculated at two different solvent densities the standard S value routinely used to characterize human serum lipoproteins is defined as value of the flotation coefficient in Svedberg units (the negative sedimentation coefficient X 10 sec) in an aqueous NaCl solvent with a density of 1.063 g/ml and a viscosity of 1.021 centipoise (the viscosity of a 1.063 g/ml sodium chloride solution at 26°C). These values are listed in Table II. The S value is very sensitive to small variations in lipoprotein density because the solvent density is close to the lipoprotein density. To compare the particle sizes or molecular weights, values of the sedimentation coefficient (5) in a solvent with a density of 1.20 g/ml and the viscosity of KBr at 25°C are preferred, and the computed values are listed in Table II. 

TTA is a fatty acid analogue in which a sulfur atom replaces the P-mehylene groups in the alkyl-chain (a 3-thia fatty acid). TTA, therefore, cannot be P-oxidized. Paradoxically, TTA is both mitochondrial and peroxisomal proliferator and the hepatic mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation capacities are increased (Table 2). In addition to its biochemical and morphological effects, TTA decrease serum TG (Table 1) very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG, cholesterol and free fatty acid (NEFA) levels in rats. Thus, the observed reduction in plasma TG levels during TTA administration could be accomplished by retarded synthesis, reduced hepatic output, enhanced clearance or a combination of these factors. 3-Thia fatty acid resulted in a slight inhibition in the activities of ATP-citrate lyase and fatty acid synthase. However, the impact of... 

VLDL, LDL and HDL, G3000SW for that of HDL subfractions, G5000PW or G6000PW for that of chylomicrons, VLDL and LDL. The applicable range of human serum lipoproteins separated by each column is presented in Table 2. 

Table I Lipid contents in serum lipoproteins determined by HPLC method...

When most lipids circulate in the body, they do so in the form of lipoprotein complexes. Simple, unesterified fatty acids are merely bound to serum albumin and other proteins in blood plasma, but phospholipids, triacylglycerols, cholesterol, and cholesterol esters are all transported in the form of lipoproteins. At various sites in the body, lipoproteins interact with specific receptors and enzymes that transfer or modify their lipid cargoes. It is now customary to classify lipoproteins according to their densities (Table 25.1). The densities are... 

Lipoprotein disorders are detected by measuring lipids in serum after a 10-hour fast. Risk of heart disease increases with concentrations of the atherogenic lipoproteins, is inversely related to levels of HDL, and is modified by other risk factors (Table 35-1). Evidence from clinical trials suggests that LDL cholesterol levels of 60 mg/dL may be optimal for patients with coronary disease. Ideally, triglycerides should be below 120 mg/dL. Differentiation of the disorders requires identification of the lipoproteins involved (Table 35-2). Diagnosis of a primary disorder usually requires further clinical and genetic data as well as ruling out secondary hyperlipidemias (Table 35-3). 

Serum cholesterol. Most cholesterol is carried in the blood by low density lipoprotein (LDL, Tables 21-1,21-2), which delivers the cholesteryl esters directly to cells that need cholesterol. Both a 74-kDa cholesteryl ester transfer protein193-1953 and a phospholipid transfer protein196 1963 are also involved in this process. Cholesterol esterases, which release free cholesterol, may act both on lipoproteins and on pancreatic secretions.197-199... 

In a typical experiment, normal and FH mutant cells were grown to confluence as described in the legend for Table VII. On the sixth day, medium was removed, the monolayers washed twice with PBS-2% BSA and five times with PBS. Ten ml of fresh medium containing 5% lipoprotein deficient serum, antibiotics and 5 y Ci of [3H]-D-galactose was added to each flask and cells incubated for another 48 hrs. Subsequently, the cells were harvested, GSLs isolated and their radioactivity measured as described in the legend for Table... 

Table 8 Lipoprotein Distribution of Cyclosporine After Spiking Cyclosporine in Serum Samples from Either Fasted or Nonfasted Human Subjects...

The initial interest in rice bran oil resulted from work with the stabilized rice bran. Rice bran was shown to be equivalent in serum cholesterol reduction to oat bran in hamster trials (Table 15) (1). Two clinical studies showed rice bran reduced serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in humans (49,50). Defatted bran was less effective in lowering cholesterol than full fat bran (1). The cholesterol-lowering activity was concentrated in the unsaponifiable fraction of rice bran oil (Table 16) (51). Oryzanol was found to contribute to the hypocholesterolemic activity of rice... 

A better indication of a person s risk of heart disease comes from a measurement of blood lipoprotein levels. Lipoproteins are complex molecules with both lipid and protein parts that transport lipids through the body They can be divided into four types according to density, as shown in Table 27.4. People with a high serum level of high-density lipoproteins (HDL s) seem to have a decreased risk of heart disease. As a rule of thumb, a person s risk drops about 2b% for each increase of 5 mg/dL in HDL concentration. Normal values are about 45 mg/dL for men and 55 mg/dL for women, perhaps explaining why women are generally less susceptible than men to heart disease. 

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