Lipid measurement

Lipid measurements should be obtained in the fasted state to minimize interference from chylomicrons. Monitoring is needed every few months during dosage titration. Once the patient is stable, monitoring at intervals of 6 months to 1 year is sufficient. 

The value of the extractable lipid measurement is two-fold. First, it indicates how much lipid has to be removed in the subsequent clean-up process and second, it allows the levels of organic pollutants in the matrix to be expressed on a lipid basis. This normalization reduces the differences among samples purely as a result of the lipid in the sample and the effect of external factors that affect lipid levels. 

Monitoring When ezetimibe is coadministered with an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, perform liver function tests at initiation of therapy and according to the recommendations of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. At the time of hospitalization for an acute coronary event, take lipid measures on admission or within 24 hours. Liver enzymes Wnen ezetimibe is coadministered with an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, perform liver function tests at initiation of therapy and according to the recommendations of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. 

Although steady state was not reached, at 20 days all congeners with log Kow <7 have a fugacity ratio >1. This high ratio may simply be the result of a decreasing lipid content (Table II) and a PCB depuration rate slower than that of lipids, or it could indicate an error associated with the lipid measurement. However, it brings into question the hypothesis that HOCs partition exclusively to the lipid portion of phytoplankton. These data may indicate that HOCs partition to cellular components other than lipids, and that a parameter such as the organic carbon content of the phytoplankton may be a more appropriate sorbent parameter. 

Table D3.3.1 Representative Refractive Indexes for Common Lipids Measured at Sodium D Line...

Although most epidemiological studies on the relationships between plasma lipids and coronary heart disease have examined total plasma cholesterol (most of which is apoB-associated cholesterol) as a major risk factor, some case-control studies have shown that apoB-100 (i.e., apoB in LDL and VLDL) is higher in subjects with coronary heart disease than controls (A31, A32, F2, M34, 06, RIO, S43, V6, W14). It may be that apoB is itself a risk factor, and that a raised apoB concentration but normal LDL cholesterol will be a marker for a previously unsuspected group of people at risk from coronary heart disease (S43). An increasing body of evidence suggests that hyper-B-apoproteinemia may be an important risk factor for coronary heart disease. This evidence, and the possibility that apolipoprotein assays (in particular apoB and apoA-I assays) may serve as a better marker of risk for atherosclerosis than the standard lipid measurements, have been discussed by Brunzell et al. (B59). 

Second, the various methods used in laboratory or nonlaboratory settings should be capable of similar accuracy (i.e, the reliability of the measurements should be independent of how, where, or by whom they are made). Ideally, it should be possible to consider all lipid measurements made in the United States (and eventually globally) as if they had been made in a single laboratory. This premise does not require that all laboratories use the same methods it requires only that aU methods be capable of giving values equivalent to those on which the relationships between lipids, lipoproteins, and the risk for CHD were established. 

From Cooper GR, Myers GL, Smith SJ, Schiant RC. Blood lipid measurements Variation and practical utility. JAMA 1992 267 1652-60. Copyright 19S ... 

Myers GL, Cooper GR, Winn CL, Smith SJ. The Centers for Disease Control-National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Lipid Standardization Program. An approach to accurate and precise lipid measurements. Clin Lab Med 1989 9 105-35. 

Physicians are being overburdened by patient visits and the necessity to follow the Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS) and other practice guidelines. Pharmacists can perform chart reviews to see if patients with diabetes have received regularly scheduled test for A 1C, urinary microalbumin, lipid measurements, referral for dilated eye exams, foot assessment and foot care, and blood pressure measurements. 

D. D. Eley (Nottingham University) I agree with Dr. Rittenberg that there is ample evidence for the specific activity influence of different proteins on a given prosthetic group. Conductivity data on dry proteins will have biochemical significance presumably where proteins are protected from hydration by lipids. Measurements so far (1) have indicated that the marked effect of adsorbed water in increasing conductivity in proteins of... 

Quinn, J.G. and Wade, T.L., 1972. Lipid measurements in the marine atmosphere and the sea surface microlayer. In E.D. Goldberg (Editor), Baseline Studies of Pollutants in the Marine Environment. National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C., pp. 633— 663. 

Time of Lipid Measurement Triglyceride Total Cholesterol LDL Cholesterol VLDL Cholesterol HDL Cholesterol... 

Twenty-eight patients were divided to attempt to balance FHC and N, adults and children, males and females, and baseline lipid levels into two groups, A and B. The study was a modified cross-over design (see Table 1). This allowed a simultaneous comparison of two nearly identical diets with and without LBG, and also provided information after two months of LBG food products in Group B. At Week 16, subjects returned for lipid measurements while back on the normal baseline diet for 4 weeks,. 

Values given in parentheses represent the total cardiac lipids measurements rather than that of the cardiac TG, which were not reported. 

Lipid measurements in body fluids are of great interest because they can indicate abnormalities in... 

Total lipids measured by acid hydrolysis method... 

Phetteplace, H.W. and Watkins, B.A. (1990) Lipid measurements in chickens fed different combinations of chicken fat and menhaden oil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38, 1848-1853. 

Bolibar I, von Eckardstein A, Assman G, et al. Short-term prognostic value of lipid measurements for coronary events in patients with angina pectoris. Thromb Haemost 2000 84 955-960. 

The lipid amount of the purified acyl-CoA elongase has been determined. Assuming, that the lipid measurement was able to detect a minimum of 1pg, no lipid was evidenced in the purified enzyme fraction reflecting a strong delipidation. Preliminary reconstitution experiments of the acyl-CoA elongase have been carried out. The addition of PC (20pg) led to an increase of the activity of 38%. The acyl-CoA elongation was doubled when PC (20 i,g) and PE (5pg) were both added. 

---